Real-time diagnosis of a lesion of the anal canal observed by endocytoscopy.

Anal canal cancer (ACC) is a rare yet noteworthy malignancy that is strongly associated with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). This case report highlights the diagnostic utility of endocytoscopy (EC) in distinguishing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) from low-grade lesions (LSILs) in a 57-year-old male presenting with hematochezia. Traditional magnifying endoscopy was inconclusive; however, EC provided detailed visualization of cellular and vascular changes, facilitating a diagnosis of HPV-associated HSIL or carcinoma in situ.

Effect of high health literacy and the frequency of social activities on preventing disability.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to identify the impact of high health literacy (HL) and participation in more social activities (SA) on preventing the risk of disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Participants were 3,486 community-dwelling older adults who underwent functional health examinations. Participants were classified into four groups based on High (Low) HL and High (Low) SA.

Combined Self-Reported and Device-Measured Physical Activity Assessment and Disability Incidence in Older Adults.

Objectives: To clarify the relationship between self-reported and device-measured physical activity (PA) and disability incidences in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: In total, 4504 (median age 75 [range, 72-79] years; women, 52.

Dose-Response Relationships of Daily Steps with Disability Incidence and All-Cause Mortality Stratified by Age and Physical Frailty.

Objectives: To examine the optimal range of steps for an individual based on the dose-response relationship of the number of steps taken with disability incidence and all-cause mortality stratified by age and physical frailty.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: 8664 community-dwelling older adults.

Association between willingness to exercise and incident disability in older adults: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether the willingness to exercise (WTE) and exercise habits affect the incidence of disability among older adults.

Methods: This study included 8,354 individuals (72.5 ± 6.

Glucocorticoids induce HMGB1 release in primary cultured rat cortical microglia.

Stress, a risk factor for major depressive disorder and Alzheimer disease, leads to the release of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, which in turn causes neuroinflammation. The mechanism underlying stress-induced HMGB1 release is unknown, but stress-associated glucocorticoids could be involved. Primary cultured rat cortical microglia and neurons were treated with corticosterone, a stress-associated glucocorticoid, and HMGB1 release was measured by ELISA and western blotting to test this hypothesis.

Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Multiple Frailty Domain in Japanese Older Adults.

Objectives: In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate the independent and overlapping effects of multiple frailty domains on long-term care insurance (LTCI) use.

Design: Population-based cohort design.

Setting And Participants: In total, 9804 community-dwelling older adults were recruited from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes.

Validation of the Optimal University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Cutoff Score in Screening for the Prevention of Disability Occurrence Among Older Japanese Adults.

Objectives: The association between loneliness and disability is a growing public health priority. While the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS) has been internationally used as an indicator for assessing loneliness, its optimal cutoff point in relation to disability occurrence has not yet been examined. Therefore, we aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point of the UCLA-LS regarding future disability.

Examination of the proportion and characteristics of cognitive function changes during hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: Cognitive function decline is influenced by cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors. However, changes in the cognitive function of patients with cardiovascular diseases during hospitalization and the factors influencing these changes remain unclear. This study elucidated the proportion and characteristics of changes in cognitive function during hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Reinforced colour preference of parasitoid wasps in the presence of floral scent: a case study of a cross-modal effect.

We examined the possibility of a cross-modal effect in naïve Cotesia vestalis, a parasitoid wasp of diamondback moth larvae, by using artificial flower models of four colours (blue, green, yellow, and red) in the absence or presence of floral scent collected from Brassica rapa inflorescences. In a four-choice test, regardless of the floral scent, non-starved female wasps visited green and yellow models significantly more often than blue and red ones, although no significant difference was observed between visits to the green and yellow models. They seldom visited blue and red models.

Association between social isolation and diversity in food intake by gender in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Few studies have investigated the relationship between low dietary variety and clearly defined social isolation by gender. This study explored the association between dietary variety and social isolation, classified by operational definition, separately by gender in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited respondents via mail.

Treatment strategies and outcomes following acute type A aortic dissection repair in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves: A meta-analysis.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the strategies for repairing acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the treatment strategies and outcomes of ATAAD repair between patients with BAV and those with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV).

Methods: A systematic review of databases were performed from inception through March 2023.

Association between the level of social participation and depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Social participation is recommended for older adults to remain actively involved in daily life. Social participation is a broad concept, ranging from 'interacting with others without doing a specific activity with them' to 'actively contributing to society.' However, previous studies have not taken into account the components of social participation.

Tumor thickness as a novel risk factor for lymph node metastasis by superficial squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

Narrow-band imaging combined with magnified endoscopy has enabled the detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCCHN) that has been resected with minimally invasive treatment, preserving vocalization and swallowing functions. However, risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) must be identified, as some patients with LNM have a poor prognosis. From an initial 599 patients with 700 lesions who underwent trans-oral surgery in 27 Japanese hospitals (a nationwide registration survey), we enrolled 541 patients with 633 SSCCHNs, as indicated by central pathological diagnoses.

Combined effects of loneliness and diabetes mellitus on disability incidence among older Japanese adults.

Background: Developed countries worldwide face the challenge of aging populations in which loneliness is problematic, leading to mental and physical health issues. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause decreased physical activity, reduced functioning, and depressive symptoms. However, how interactions between loneliness and DM influence health outcomes remains unclear.

Comparative Effectiveness of Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography in Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The effectiveness of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with angiography compared with angiography guidance alone in treating aortic conditions, such as dissections, aneurysms, and blunt traumatic injuries, remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the current literature for IVUS use during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases was conducted in March 2024 adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Risk of dementia with hearing impairment and social isolation.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether the concomitance of hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation, which is considered self-evident but has not been investigated extensively, is associated with the occurrence of dementia.

Methods: A total of 2745 participants were divided into four groups according to the presence/absence of hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation. The association of dementia with hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Development of a dual immunochromatographic test strip to detect E2 and E antibodies against classical swine fever.

Background: It is essential to consider a practical antibody test to successfully implement marker vaccines and validate vaccination efficacy against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The test should include a serological antibody assay, combined with a tool for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The immunochromatographic test strip (ICS) has been exclusively designed for detecting CSFV E2 antibodies while lacking in detecting E antibodies, which can be employed and satisfy DIVA strategy.

Gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a case report.

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the stomach is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm. We present a case of gastric submucosal tumor (SMT) where the final diagnosis was IMT.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man presented with a 24-mm SMT on the posterior wall of the middle third of the stomach that was detected by screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.