Optimized alkali atom cooling scheme using a transmission-grating-based magneto-optical trap.

Traditional magneto-optical traps are often bulky and complex, which limits their application in portable and scalable technologies. In this study, we propose a method for generating cold atoms using a transmission-grating-based magneto-optical trap (TGMOT). This approach addresses the limitations of traditional magneto-optical traps using a transmission-grating design that simplifies the optical configuration, allowing for efficient atom capture with a single incident beam.

Effect of short-term exposure to high temperatures on the reproductive behavior and physiological enzyme activities in the fruit fly (Walker).

is an economically important invasive pest of various vegetables and fruits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of short-term (12 h) exposure to high temperatures on the reproductive behaviors and physiological enzyme activities of adult flies. When compared to the control group, the mating rate in the treated group increased significantly after exposure to 34°C and 38°C.

Dynamic mechanical characteristics and failure mode of serpentine under a three-dimensional high static load and frequent dynamic disturbance.

The improved split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to study the dynamic mechanical properties and failure characteristics of surrounding rock in deep rock mass engineering that is under high stress and affected by blasting excavation and other dynamic disturbances. In a three-dimensional high static load and frequent dynamic disturbance test, the preload high axial pressure and confining pressure are used to simulate the high crustal stress of deep rock, and the effect of small disturbances on the rock is simulated by the low impact load. The results show that there are two types of dynamic stress-strain curves of deep rock: an elastic-plastic curve and plastic-elastic-plastic curve.

In situ monitoring for development of rectangular photoresist gratings on transparent substrates.

We present a new method for in situ monitoring of a grating profile during the development process to control the critical dimensions of surface-relief rectangular photoresist gratings on transparent substrates. A He-Ne laser of visible wavelength is employed as the monitoring light source. We determine the height of the grating ridges from the first minimum value of the diffraction intensity curve of the zeroth transmission order and then obtain the duty cycle of the grating from the diffraction intensity of the -1st transmission order.

Measurement of photoresist grating profiles based on multiwavelength scatterometry and artificial neural network.

We employed a grating profile measurement method, which is based on the combination of multiwavelength scatterometry and artificial neural network, to determine the critical dimensions of submicrometer-period photoresist gratings with wavy sidewall profiles. Six laser beams in three wavelengths and two orthogonal polarizations were adopted for the scatterometry measurement, and the incident angle of each beam was chosen following principles that we propose for achieving high sensitivity. We measured diffraction efficiencies of a large number of photoresist gratings made on glass substrates and high-reflectivity multilayer substrates coated with a chromium thin-film layer, and determined the grating groove parameters using a neural network model.