Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata promoted zebrafish fin regeneration through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent autophagy.

Headings Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP), a staple in traditional Chinese medicine, is derived from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and is renowned for its wound-healing properties. Despite its clinical prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying RRP's wound-healing effects have not been fully elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: This research endeavored to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RRP on wound healing, utilizing a zebrafish model.

GTPBP8 modulates mitochondrial fission through a Drp1-dependent process.

Mitochondrial fission is a tightly regulated process involving multiple proteins and cell signaling. Despite extensive studies on mitochondrial fission factors, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms remains limited. This study shows the critical role of a mitochondrial GTPase, GTPBP8, in orchestrating mitochondrial fission in mammalian cells.

Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases.

Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA.

Functional characterization of CD49f hepatic stem/progenitor cells in adult mice liver.

Hepatic Stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) have gained a large amount of interest for treating acute liver disease. However, the isolation and identification of HSPCs are unclear due to the lack of cell-specific surface markers. To isolate adult HSPCs, we used cell surface-marking antibodies, including CD49f and Sca-1.

Identification and functional characterization of CD133GFAPCD117Sca1 neural stem cells.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are responsible for maintaining the nervous system and repairing damages. Utility of NSCs could provide a novel solution to treat neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, we have no idea the exact phenotypic and functional characteristics of NSCs and their precise role in geriatric neurological and aging-related diseases.

Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling.

Mitochondria are key regulators of many important cellular processes and their dysfunction has been implicated in a large number of human disorders. Importantly, mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their ultrastructure, which possesses an intricate membrane architecture defining specific submitochondrial compartments. In particular, the mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded into membrane invaginations that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation.

Molecular Mechanism of the Cytosine CRISPR Base Editing Process and the Roles of Translesion DNA Polymerases.

CRISPR-mediated base editing causes damage to DNA, mainly uracil, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, and nicks, which require various DNA repair mechanisms to complete the base conversion process. Currently, there are only hypotheses explaining the base editing process, but the molecular mechanism and roles of the repair systems in the process are relatively unknown. To explore the mechanism of base editing repair, a base editor, nCas9-PmCDA1, was applied in the model eukaryote, , either with the wild type or its derivatives with genes encoding translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases knocked out.

Comparison of Antiobesity Effects of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Different Sources in a Natural Aging Model.

Purpose: Our previous study found that white adipose stem cells (W-ASCs) derived from abdominal and femoral sulcus white adipose stem cells (ASCs) have antiaging and age-related obesity effects. Whether interscapular brown adipose stem cells (B-ASCs) have the same effect has not been reported. The study objective was to compare the effects of ASCs from different tissues on aging and aging-related obesity.

Latexin deficiency in mice up-regulates inflammation and aggravates colitis through HECTD1/Rps3/NF-κB pathway.

The function of Latexin (LXN) in inflammation has attracted attention. However, no data are available regarding its role in colitis. We report that LXN is a suppressor of colitis.

Impact of Aging on the Characterization of Brown and White Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Mice.

Adipose tissue enriched with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) is often used for stem cell-based therapies. However, the characteristics of ASCs from different types of adipose tissue have varying biochemical and functional properties. We aimed to investigate how age affected the biological and functional characteristics of ASCs from brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT).

Cited2 regulates proliferation and survival in young and old mouse cardiac stem cells.

Background: Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) exhibit age-dependent characteristics. Cited2 has been implicated in the regulation of heart development; however, there is little known about how Cited2 affects CSC aging.

Results: Cited2 mRNA and protein level was downregulated in aging heart tissue and CSCs.

Arylurea Derivatives: A Class of Potential Cancer Targeting Agents.

Arylurea derivatives, an important class of small molecules, have received considerable attention in recent years due to their wide range of biological applications. Various molecular targeted agents with arylurea scaffold as potential enzyme/receptor inhibitors were constructed with the successful development of sorafenib and regorafenib. This review focuses on those arylureas possessing anti-cancer activities from 2010 to date.

Influence of aging on the activity of mice Sca-1+CD31- cardiac stem cells.

Therapeutic application of cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs) is limited due to decline of their regenerative potential with donor age. A variety of studies have shown that the cardiac aging was the problem of the stem cells, but little is known about the impact of age on the subgroups CSC/CPCs, the relationship between subgroups CSC/CPCs ageing and age-related dysfunction. Here, we studied Sca-1+CD31- subgroups of CSCs from younger(2~3months) and older(22~24months) age mice, biological differentiation was realized using specific mediums for 14 days to induce cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells and immunostain analysis of differentiated cell resulting were done.

Differentiation-Associated MicroRNA Alterations in Mouse Heart-Derived Sca-1(+)CD31(-) and Sca-1(+)CD31(+) Cells.

Cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs) are critical to the cellular and functional integrity of the heart because they maintain myocardial cell homeostasis. Several populations of CSC/CPCs have been identified based on expression of different stem cell-associated antigens. Sca-1(+) cells in the cardiac tissue may be the most common CSC/CPCs.

Identification of early myeloid progenitors as immunosuppressive cells.

Growing evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), precursors of mature immune cells, may play a direct role in immunosurveillance. Early myeloid progenitors are the major components of HSPCs and they often undergo extensive expansion in stress as a result of myeloid-biased hematopoiesis. Yet, the precise function of early myeloid progenitors remains unclear.