RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-Mediated Rapid, Sensitive, and Onsite Detection of Newcastle Disease in Pigeons.

Pigeon Newcastle disease, caused by pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1), is a significant infectious disease in pigeons that can result in substantial mortality and poses a severe threat to the pigeon industry. The rapid and accurate onsite diagnosis of pigeon disease is crucial for timely diagnosis and the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. In this study, we established a rapid detection method for PPMV-1 based on recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and CRISPR/Cas12a.

Evaluation of Tembusu virus single-round infectious particle as vaccine vector in chickens.

Orthoflaviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses characterized by highly efficient self-amplification of RNA in host cells, which makes them attractive vehicles for vaccines. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of orthoflavivirus replicon vectors for vaccine development. In this study, we constructed Tembusu virus (TMUV) replicon-based single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) as vaccine development platform.

The PCV3 Cap Virus-like Particle Vaccine with the Chimeric PCV2-Neutralizing Epitope Gene Is Effective in Mice.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection can cause symptoms similar to those of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, and coinfections with both PCV2 and PCV3 are observed in the swine industry. Consequently, developing chimeric vaccines is essential to prevent and control porcine circovirus infections. In this study, we used both and mammalian expression systems to express PCV3 Cap (Cap3) and a chimeric gene containing the PCV2-neutralizing epitope within the PCV3 Cap (Cap3-Cap2E), which were assembled into virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines.

Chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 Tembusu virus exhibits higher infectivity than duck-origin Cluster 2 Tembusu virus in chicks.

In 2020, a chicken-origin Cluster 3 Tembusu virus (TMUV) caused outbreaks of a disease characterized by egg-drop syndrome in laying hens in China. In the present study, a TMUV strain, TMUV-GX, was isolated from tissue samples of laying hens with egg drop syndrome in south China. Phylogenetic analysis grouped TMUV-GX into TMUV Cluster 3.

RAP44 phage integrase-guided 50K genomic island integration in .

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteria and bacteriophages have been fighting for survival. Over time, the evolution of both populations has been affected.

Transcripts of antibacterial peptides in chicken erythrocytes infected with Marek's disease virus.

Background: Chicken erythrocytes are involved in immunity through binding of toll-like receptors (TLRs) with their ligands to activate downstream signaling and lead to cytokine production in erythrocytes. Some avian β-defensins (AvBDs) are constitutively expressed in tissues and some others can be induced by various bacteria and viruses. However, the expression of AvBDs in erythrocytes has not yet been studied extensively.

Multipoint fiber-optic laser-ultrasonic actuator based on fiber core-opened tapers.

In this study, a novel fiber-optic, multipoint, laser-ultrasonic actuator based on fiber core-opened tapers (COTs) is proposed and demonstrated. The COTs were fabricated by splicing single-mode fibers using a standard fiber splicer. A COT can effectively couple part of a core mode into cladding modes, and the coupling ratio can be controlled by adjusting the taper length.

Immune Responses of Chickens Infected with Wild Bird-Origin H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus.

Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. In previous research using gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we reported that H5N6 AIV isolated in February 2015 (ZH283) in Pallas's sandgrouse was highly similar to that isolated in a human in December 2015 (A/Guangdong/ZQ874/2015), whereas a virus (i.e.

Transient activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway promotes Newcastle disease virus replication and enhances anti-apoptotic signaling responses.

Viral infection activates a host's cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which is involved in cell differentiation, growth, survival, and apoptosis. To elucidate molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), we demonstrated that NDV transiently activates the PI3K/Akt pathway in chicken cells at an early phase of infection. Its activation was observed as early as 15 min post-infection and gradually weakened after 24 h.

Generation and evaluation of a genetically attenuated Newcastle disease virus rGM-VIIm as a genotype-matched vaccine.

Despite intensive vaccination campaigns, outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) have been frequently reported in China, especially of genotype VII that first emerged in the late 1990s. Given the dire need for vaccines against the circulating genotype VII virus, we developed an alternative method to recover a highly virulent recombinant GM (rGM) virus that involves a T7 system with a hammerhead ribozyme sequence introduced downstream of the T7 promoter. By changing the F polybasic cleavage site RRQKR↓F to the monobasic GRQGR↓L, we generated a mutant virus (rGM-VIIm) that was found to be highly attenuated in chickens.

Interferon regulatory factor 7- (IRF7-) mediated immune response affects Newcastle disease virus replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts.

Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is essential for the induction of an antiviral response. Previous studies have shown that virus replication causes the activation or expression of Type I interferon (IFN) in cells, which further activates IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to retard virus growth. In this study, after infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) with the lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain LaSota or the velogenic NDV strain GM, the mRNA and protein levels of IRF7 showed a significant increase, and part of the IRF7 protein was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.