Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Activity of Strain ZJ1 Extracts, Isolated from a Chinese Centenarian.

Melanin produced by melanocytes protects our skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cell damage and oxidative stress. Melanin overproduction by hyperactivated melanocytes is the direct cause of skin hyperpigmentary disorders, such as freckles and melasma. Exploring natural whitening agents without the concern of toxicity has been highly desired.

miR-200a-3p promoted cell proliferation and metastasis by downregulating SOX17 in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer has high mortality and incidence rates in which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary type of lung cancer that accounts for about 80%-85% of total patients. It has been demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical in the incidence and progression of tumors, while the role and inner mechanism of miR-200a-3p, one type of essential miRNAs, in NSCLC have yet to be revealed. Herein, we investigated the in vitro and vivo pro-/antiproliferative influence of miR-200a-3p on NSCLC cells and utilized bioinformatic programs to further predict the SOX17 gene as miR-200a-3p's potential target.

Calunduloside E inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation and migration via p38/JNK-HMGB1 signalling axis.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved chromosome protein, is considered as a potential therapeutic target and novel biomarker because of its regulation in the proliferation and metastasis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Calenduloside E (CE), a natural active product, has been reported to anti-cancer effect. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of CE in HCC is still unclear.

[Dihydromyricetin inhibits proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells through regulating Akt/STAT3 signaling pathways and HMGB1 expression].

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects of dihydromyricetin on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and explore the molecular mechanisms.

Methods: BGC-823 cells in routine culture were treated with different concentrations of dihydromyricetin (0, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the changes in cell viability were detected using CCK-8 assay; colony forming assay and Transwell assay were performed to assess the changes in colonyforming and migration abilities of the cells, respectively. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the treated cells were determined using ELISA, and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, HSP70 and HMGB1 and the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Stat3.

High mobility group box 1 regulates gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration via RAGE-mTOR/ERK feedback loop.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy tumour in China. Despite various therapeutic approaches to improve the survival rate of GC patients, the effectiveness of currently available treatments remains unsatisfactory. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is reported to play a role in tumour development.

Aloin Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells by Regulating NOX2-ROS-Mediated Pro-Survival Signal Pathways.

Background: Aloin has been reported to have many pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activities. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumour properties of aloin are yet to be elucidated.

Methods: HGC-27 and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells were treated with aloin.

[Calenduloside E inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting activation of ROS-mediated JAK1-stat3 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells].

Objective: To investigate the effect of calenduloside E on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to examine the effect of different concentrations of calenduloside E (0-30 μg/mL) on the viability of RAW264.

The molecular mechanisms of Aloin induce gastric cancer cells apoptosis by targeting High Mobility Group Box 1.

Aloin (ALO), a bioactive ingredient extracted from aloe vera, has anti-tumor effects. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein, has been implicated in various cancer types. Highly expressed HMGB1 is closely associated with tumor cells apoptosis, proliferation and migration.

[Chrysin promotes SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway].

Objective: To study the effect of chrysin in inducing apoptosis of human hepatic carcinoma cells and explore the possible mechanism.

Methods: Human hepatic carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells treated with DMSO or chrysin at different concentrations (5-200 μg/mL) were examined for changes in the cell proliferation using CCK-8 assay. The morphological changes of SMMC-7721 cells were observed in response to treatment with 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL chrysin, and the changes in the cell nuclei were observed using DAPI nuclear staining.

[Aloin induces apoptosis regulating the activation of MAPKs signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells ].

Objective: To investigate the effect of aloin on apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells and explore the molecular mechanism.

Methods: Gastric cancer MKN-28 and HGC-27 cells were cultured routinely in 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% non-essential amino acids (for HGC-27 cells) and treated with different concentrations of aloin for different durations. The cell viability, cell nuclear morphology, and apoptotic rate of the cells were detected using CCK-8 assay, DAPI staining and AnnexinV-FITC/PI, respectively; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of PARP, procaspase 3 and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK.

Salidroside inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells via suppression of Src‑associated signaling pathway activation and heat shock protein 70 expression.

Salidroside, an active ingredient extracted from the Rhodiola rosea plant, has potential anti‑tumor effects. However, the effects of salidroside on gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration remain unclear. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of salidroside on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated.

[Chrysin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses of macrophages via JAK-STATs signaling pathway].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of chrysin in regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells.

Methods: RAW264.

Salidroside Inhibits HMGB1 Acetylation and Release through Upregulation of SirT1 during Inflammation.

HMGB1, a highly conserved nonhistone DNA-binding protein, plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. Once released to the extracellular space, HMGB1 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that triggers inflammatory reaction. Our previous study showed that salidroside exerts anti-inflammatory effect via inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 signalling pathway.

miR-24-3p promotes cell migration and proliferation in lung cancer by targeting SOX7.

Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. miR-24-3p plays critical roles in many cancer types, including LC. In this study, we first investigated whether miR-24-3p promoted LC cell migration and proliferation in vitro.

Ly6G+ neutrophil-derived miR-223 inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in mitochondrial DAMP-induced acute lung injury.

MicroRNA (miRNA) mediates RNA interference to regulate a variety of innate immune processes, but how miRNAs coordinate the mechanisms underlying acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in patients with pulmonary inflammatory injury is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-223 limits the number of Ly6G+ neutrophils and inhibits the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate ALI induced by mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (MTDs). miR-223 expression is increased in the lungs of MTD-induced mice or ARDS patients following trauma/transfusion or following the physiological remission of ALI/ARDS.

Myricitrin Modulates NADPH Oxidase-Dependent ROS Production to Inhibit Endotoxin-Mediated Inflammation by Blocking the JAK/STAT1 and NOX2/p47 Pathways.

Myricitrin, a naturally occurring polyphenol hydroxy flavonoid, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism of myricitrin's effects on LPS-induced inflammation is unclear. In the present study, myricitrin significantly alleviated acute lung injury in mice.

[Salidroside protects PC12 cells from HO-induced apoptosis via suppressing NOX2-ROS-MAPKs signaling pathway].

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism by which salidroside protects PC12 cells from HO-induced apoptosis.

Methods: PC12 cells cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% horse serum and 5% fetal bovine serum were pretreated with different doses of salidroside for 2 h and then stimulated with HO for different lengths of time. The expression levels of PARP and caspase 3 and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK were determined with Western blotting.

[Neuroprotective effect of Nogo-66 receptor silencing in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) silencing with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) on brain injury repair in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection and related mechanism of action.

Methods: The pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (with a gestational age of 15 days) were selected, and premature delivery was induced by RU486 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The preterm rats delivered by those treated with RU486 were selected as the control group.

Daphnetin protects oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis via regulation of MAPK signaling and HSP70 expression.

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neurons in the brain. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, although the pathological mechanism remains unelucidated. Daphnetin, an active ingredient extracted from (Daphne Korean Nakai), exhibits various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-tumor effects.

β-arrestin2 regulates TRAIL-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis via the Src-extracellular signal-regulated signaling pathway.

β-arrestins, including β-arrestin1 and β‑arrestin2, two ubiquitously expressed members of the arrestin family in various types of tissue, are adaptor proteins that modulate the desensitization and trafficking of seven membrane‑spanning receptors. Recently, β‑arrestins have been shown to bind to numerous signaling molecules, including c‑Src and mitogen‑activated protein kinase family members. In addition, accumulating evidence has suggested that β‑arrestins are involved in the anti‑apoptosis signaling pathway by associating with kinases, such as Akt and ERK, and altering their activities.

Salidroside attenuates inflammatory response via suppressing JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation and preventing STAT3 transfer into nucleus.

Salidroside (SAL) is an active ingredient isolated from the Rhodiola rosea, has potent anti-inflammatory effect, but the mechanism is still elusive. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of SAL on LPS-induced inflammatory response and investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanism. RAW264.

[Effect of sodium aescinate in inducing human breast cancer MCF-7 cells apoptosis by inhibiting AKT, ERK and upstream signal SRC activity].

To study the effect of sodium aescinate in inducing human breast cancer MCF-7 cells apoptosis and its possible mechanism. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of sodium aescinate on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The morphological changes were observed under inverted microscope.

[Dual role of daphnetin in suppressing HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced inflammation in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and human monocytic THP-1 cells in vitro].

Objective: To investigate the dual role of daphnetin in suppressing high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) release and blocking HMGB1-induced inflammatory response.

Methods: Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of daphnetin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both.

Ampelopsin induces apoptosis in HepG2 human hepatoma cell line through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways: Involvement of P38 and ERK.

Our results showed that ampelopsin significantly inhibited cell viability of hepatoma HepG2 cells using MTT assay. We further investigated the mechanism of anticancer activity by ampelopsin, it showed that ampelopsin induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells using DAPI assay and flow cytometry, which was confirmed by activation of PARP. Next, activation of the caspase cascades were demonstrated, including caspase-8, -9 and -3.