Correlation between preoperative aqueous cytokine levels and mid-term corneal endothelial cell loss following penetrating keratoplasty.

Objective: To investigate the association between preoperative aqueous humour (AqH) cytokines and mid-term endothelial cell density (ECD) following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Methods: This study analysed a total of 87 eyes of which 54 underwent PKP and 33 eyes underwent cataract surgery. AqH samples were collected at the beginning of surgery.

Intracellular dark spots are associated with endothelial cell loss after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Intracellular dark endothelial spots (IDESs) on specular microscopy developed in 78/122 patients (63.9%) after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Endothelial cell density (ECD) after DSAEK was significantly smaller in eyes with IDES when compared with those without at all time points (p<0.

How can heatstroke damage the brain? A mini review.

Record-breaking heat waves over the past 20 years have led to a global increase in heat-related deaths, including heatstroke. Heat-related illnesses occur when the body cannot adapt to the elevated temperatures in the environment, leading to various symptoms. In severe situations, such as heatstroke, the body temperature can rise above 40°C, leading to significant injury to body systems, with particular susceptibility of the central nervous system (CNS).

Topical tacrolimus for high-risk corneal transplantation: a randomized, clinical trial.

Background: The prevalence of rejection is 10-30% in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) case, and the rate is higher in cases of high-risk patients. Although using topical corticosteroids is a standard method for management the rejection of post-PKP patients, it may not be sufficiently potent in high-risk patients. Topical administration of tacrolimus (TAC) may be effective in suppression rejection after corneal transplantation.

Therapeutic Aqueous Humor Concentrations of Latanoprost Attained in Rats by Administration in a Very-High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drop.

The temporal change in concentration of a novel medicine, Latanoprost (LP), was evaluated in the aqueous humor of rats (6-8-week-old Jcl:Wister rats) when delivered in a very-high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (vHiHA) eye drop. Animals were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (LP + vHiHA (LPvHiHA), commercial LP (cLP), and diluted LP (dLP)) and after instilling the eye drops, the aqueous humor (AH) was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h to measure the LP concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Incidence and Clinical Features of Immunologic Rejection After Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical features of immunologic rejection after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods: This study included 411 patients (464 eyes, median age [interquartile range; IQR] 55.8 years [36.

Risk Factors for Recurrence in the Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the postoperative recurrence rate of recurrent pterygium and to evaluate risk factors for the recurrence.

Methods: This study was a retrospective interventional nonrandomized consecutive case series. In this single-center study, 119 eyes of patients with recurrent pterygium who underwent surgery with a follow-up period of >12 months after the surgery were analyzed.

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Criteria and Severity Classification for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.

Purpose: There are no defined diagnostic criteria and severity classification for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which are required for objective standardized assessments. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of the current diagnosis and severity classification of FECD.

Methods: We searched the Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for studies published until January 13, 2021.

Three-Dimensional Assessment of Descemet Membrane Reflectivity by Optical Coherence Tomography in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate Descemet membrane reflectivity using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods: We retrospectively assessed 144 eyes of 88 consecutive participants (41 FECD, 15 pseudophakic bullous keratopathies [BKs], and 32 healthy controls, 63.5 ± 16.

Artificial intelligence to estimate the tear film breakup time and diagnose dry eye disease.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) remains limited due to the lack of standardized image formats and analysis models. To overcome these issues, we used the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), a video-recordable slit-lamp device, and collected videos of the anterior segment of the eye. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the AI algorithm in estimating the tear film breakup time and apply this model for the diagnosis of DED according to the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) DED diagnostic criteria.

Corneal higher-order aberrations in corneal endothelial decompensation secondary to obstetric forceps injury.

Forceps corneal injuries during infant delivery cause Descemet membrane (DM) breaks, that cause corneal astigmatism and corneal endothelial decompensation. The aim of this study is to characterise corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and corneal topographic patterns in corneal endothelial decompensation due to obstetric forceps injury. This retrospective study included 23 eyes of 21 patients (54.

Morphological alterations in corneal nerves of patients with dry eye and associated biomarkers.

The purposes of the present study were to (1) identify the relationship between dry eye symptoms and morphological changes in corneal subbasal nerves/ocular surfaces, and (2) discover tear film biomarkers indicating morphological changes in the subbasal nerves. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between October and November 2017. Adults with dry eye disease (DED, n = 43) and healthy eyes (n = 16) were evaluated based on their subjective symptoms and ophthalmological findings.

Diagnostic Ability of a Smartphone App for Dry Eye Disease: Protocol for a Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective, and Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. Numerous patients with DED remain undiagnosed and inadequately treated, experiencing various subjective symptoms and a decrease in quality of life and work productivity. A mobile health smartphone app, namely, the DEA01, has been developed as a noninvasive, noncontact, and remote screening device, in the context of an ongoing paradigm shift in the health care system, to facilitate a diagnosis of DED.

Clinical Trial of Autologous Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Cell Sheet Transplantation for Patients with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency.

Purpose: To confirm the efficacy and safety of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant autologous cultivated limbal epithelial cell sheets in government-controlled clinical trials that adhered to Good Clinical Practice stipulations for patients with unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Design: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled, single-arm clinical trial.

Participants: Ten consecutive eyes of 10 patients with unilateral LSCD were followed for 2 years after surgery.

Etiology-Specific Comparison of the Long-Term Clinical Outcome of Repeat Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Optical Indications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology-specific clinical outcomes and complications of repeat deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) after failed DALK.

Methods: This retrospective case study included 32 eyes of 27 patients who underwent repeat DALK of 450 cases of DALK performed for optical indications between 1997 and 2013. The patients were divided into 4 etiology-specific subgroups (the corneal dystrophy, ocular surface disease, stromal scar, and others) or those with or without limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Changes in corneal higher-order aberrations during treatment for infectious keratitis.

This study aimed to quantify the changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) before and after treatment for infectious keratitis and verify the correlation between corneal HOAs and visual acuity. Corneal HOAs were analysed using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Ninety-eight eyes of 96 consecutive patients with infectious keratitis treated with topical eye drops were retrospectively evaluated.

The predictability of graft thickness for Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty using a mechanical microkeratome system.

Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is used for treating corneal endothelial dysfunction, and the postoperative visual acuity outcome depends on the thickness of the graft. We created a simple nomogram using factors affecting the cutting thickness during graft preparation via a mechanical microkeratome system for DSAEK. This retrospective study was conducted from May 2018 through October 2022 and included donor eyes cut by automatic methods.

Outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in severe accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest and circulatory instability: A multicentre, prospective, observational study in Japan (ICE-CRASH study).

Aim: To elucidate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in accidental hypothermia (AH) patients with and without cardiac arrest (CA), including details of complications.

Methods: This study was a multicentre, prospective, observational study of AH in Japan. All adult (aged ≥18 years) AH patients with body temperature ≤32 °C who presented to the emergency department between December 2019 and March 2022 were included.

Quercetin improves lacrimal gland function through its anti-oxidant actions: Evidence from animal studies, and a pilot study in healthy human volunteers.

Anti-oxidant properties of polyphenols have been gaining medical attention as a preventive factor against aging and/or lifestyle diseases. In this study, we examined the anti-oxidant activity of quercetin improved tear function through its effects on the lacrimal gland in mice and humans. Six week-old diabetic mice, a model for decreased tear production, were fed for 12 weeks with an experimental diet containing 0.