Robot-assisted excision of rectal duplication cysts: A case report.

Rectal duplication cysts are extremely rare and account for only 4% of all gastrointestinal duplication cysts. They may become challenging for removal in the case of a large tumor in a narrow pelvis. Herein, we report a case of rectal duplication cysts excision via robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery and its utility.

Lactoferrin-like Immunoreactivity in Distinct Neuronal Populations in the Mouse Central Nervous System.

Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein mainly found in exocrine secretions and the secondary granules of neutrophils. In the central nervous system (CNS), expression of the Lf protein has been reported in the lesions of some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as in the aged brain. Lf is primarily considered an iron chelator, protecting cells from potentially toxic iron or iron-requiring microorganisms.

Behavioural Response Alteration in to Urine After Surgical Removal of Cancer: Nematode-NOSE (N-NOSE) for Postoperative Evaluation.

The technique used for cancer monitoring is essential for effective cancer therapy. Currently, several methods such as diagnostic imaging and biochemical markers have been used for cancer monitoring, but these are invasive and show low sensitivity. A previous study reported that sensitively discriminated patients with cancer from healthy subjects, based on the smell of a urine sample.

Efficiency of Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection by Nematode-NOSE (N-NOSE).

Background/aim: Early detection of gastrointestinal cancer may reduce mortality. Recently, Caenorhabditis elegans has been reported to be capable of differentiating patients with cancers from healthy persons by the smell of urine. This novel technique using C.

Guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) has compiled a set of guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding using evidence-based methods. The major cause of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is peptic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding. As a result, these guidelines mainly focus on peptic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding, although bleeding from other causes is also overviewed.

Thymidine phosphorylase activates NFκB and stimulates the expression of angiogenic and metastatic factors in human cancer cells.

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) promotes angiogenesis and metastasis, and confers resistance to anticancer agents in some cancer cell types. We previously reported that TP stimulates the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in human KB cancer cells by an unknown mechanism. A mutation in the nuclear factor (NF)κB binding site of the IL-8 promoter suppressed promoter activity in KB/TP cells that overexpress TP.

Diagnostic performance of ¹⁸F-fluorothymidine PET/CT for primary colorectal cancer and its lymph node metastasis: comparison with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT.

Purpose: To examine the diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorothymidine (FLT) PET/CT in primary and metastatic lymph node colorectal cancer foci in comparison with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT.

Methods: The study population comprised 28 patients with 30 newly diagnosed colorectal cancers who underwent surgical resection of the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes after both FLT and FDG PET/CT. The associations between SUVmax levels and pathological factors were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis test.

Novel genetically-humanized mouse model established to evaluate efficacy of therapeutic agents to human interleukin-6 receptor.

For clinical trials of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to be successful, their efficacy needs to be adequately evaluated in preclinical experiments. However, in many cases it is difficult to evaluate the candidate mAbs using animal disease models because of lower cross-reactivity to the orthologous target molecules. In this study we have established a novel humanized Castleman's disease mouse model, in which the endogenous interleukin-6 receptor gene is successfully replaced by human IL6R, and human IL6 is overexpressed.

[Two cases of circumferential rectal invasion from prostatic cancer].

We report two cases of prostatic cancer invading the rectum with circumferential rectal wall thickening. In both cases, reddish and uneven edematous mucosa was observed by colonoscopy and the boundary of the lesion was indistinct. No mass or ulcer formation was not observed.

[A retrospective endoscopic case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus].

We report a case of a 64-year-old Japanese man with adenoid cystic carcinoma. An elevated lesion covered by intact epithelium in the thoracic esophagus was found in September, 2007 and been followed. After dysphagia appeared follow-up endoscopy was performed in January, 2010, and morphological change into a protruding tumor was recognized.

Canonical Wnt signaling in the visceral muscle is required for left-right asymmetric development of the Drosophila midgut.

Many animals develop left-right (LR) asymmetry in their internal organs. The mechanisms of LR asymmetric development are evolutionarily divergent, and are poorly understood in invertebrates. Therefore, we studied the genetic pathway of LR asymmetric development in Drosophila.

[A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ring-like discoloration in the lower end of the esophagus].

We report the case of a 15-year-old Japanese boy with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The patient complained of abdominal pain and watery diarrhea and had a history of allergic rhinitis. Laboratory data on admission showed leukocytosis with remarkable eosinophilia.

Clinical significance of primary lesion FDG uptake for choice between oesophagectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection for resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

Objectives: To correlate primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake with pathological factors and examine its significance regarding choice of therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the factors affecting visible and non-visible FDG uptake in 37 primary lesions in 32 oesophageal SCC patients who underwent PET/CT before oesophagectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We divided the lesions into pathological depth invasion ≥sm2 oesophagectomy (n = 18) and ≤sm1 ESD (n = 19) indicated groups and compared the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET with that of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) performed for 23 superficial lesions to discriminate between these groups.

Cytokine-dependent but acquired immunity-independent arthritis caused by DNA escaped from degradation.

DNase II digests the chromosomal DNA in macrophages after apoptotic cells and nuclei from erythroid precursors are engulfed. The DNase II-null mice develop a polyarthritis that resembles rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we showed that when bone marrow cells from the DNase II-deficient mice were transferred to the wild-type mice, they developed arthritis.

Antibody recycling by engineered pH-dependent antigen binding improves the duration of antigen neutralization.

For many antibodies, each antigen-binding site binds to only one antigen molecule during the antibody's lifetime in plasma. To increase the number of cycles of antigen binding and lysosomal degradation, we engineered tocilizumab (Actemra), an antibody against the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), to rapidly dissociate from IL-6R within the acidic environment of the endosome (pH 6.0) while maintaining its binding affinity to IL-6R in plasma (pH 7.

Frequent expression of thymidine phosphorylase in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma of diffuse type.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the etiological roles of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of EBV-associated GC (EBV-GC), EBV-GCs and non EBV-GCs were compared with regard to the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which is known to have angiogenic activity in various tumor tissues.

Patients And Methods: TP expression was examined by immunohistochemistry assay among 156 gastric carcinoma cases (21 EBV-GC cases and 135 non EBV-GC cases).

Results: The frequency of tumors with TP expression was nearly twice as high in EBV-GCs (71%) than in non EBV-GCs (37%) (p=0.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of the mediastinum in a 7-month-old boy: a case report.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is an aggressive vascular proliferation that has been recognized as a separate entity from other childhood vascular tumors. The authors present an unusual case of hemangioendothelioma arising in the mediastinum of a 7-month-old male infant with acute respiratory distress and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. This patient with life-threatening lesion showed a dramatic response to interferon alfa-2a.

Design and evaluation of new antipsoriatic antedrug candidates having 16-en-22-oxa-vitamin D3 structures.

Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a series of antipsoriatic antedrugs having 16-en-22-oxa-vitamin D3 are described. Among the seven compounds examined, two are promising: ester 5c and amide 5f, both of which exhibit greater potent antiproliferation activity with lessened calcemic activity than the presently prescribed maxacalcitol (2).

Novel vitamin D3 antipsoriatic antedrugs: 16-En-22-oxa-1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 analogs.

A series of 16-en-22-oxa-derivatives of vitamin D3 based on the structure of maxacalcitol (2) were prepared. Maxacalcitol is currently used topically for the treatment of psoriasis and is recognized as the most successful antedrug of natural vitamin D(3) because it retains the original antiproliferative activity of calcitriol without increased calcemic activity. We introduced 16-olefinic functionality to accelerate the oxidative metabolism of the drug in liver, presumed to be essential for the reduction of calcemic activity, and modified the side-chain moiety by placing the 22-oxygen on the more labile allylic carbon center.

The role of thymidine phosphorylase, an angiogenic enzyme, in tumor progression.

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine metabolism, is identical with an angiogenic factor, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). TP is overexpressed in various tumors and plays an important role in angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The enzymatic activity of TP is required for the angiogenic effect of TP.

Early gastric carcinomas in the cardiac region: diagnosis with double-contrast x-ray studies.

Background: The ratio of early to advanced gastric carcinomas in the cardiac region is significantly low. It is necessary to establish methods of early diagnosis of gastric carcinomas in the cardiac region.

Methods: Twenty cases (21 lesions) of early gastric carcinomas in the cardiac region were resected between 1997 and 2001.