The Relationship Between Work and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: The Moderating Effect of Income, Subjective Socioeconomic Status, and Social Participation.

Objectives: We examined the moderating effects of household income, subjective socioeconomic status (SES), social contact, and social engagement on the work-depressive symptoms relationship.

Methods: We analyzed data from 5,216 adults aged 60 and older from six waves (2008-2018) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA).

Results: Two-level mixed-effects models showed that within-individual variation in work status was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.

Comparison of Fracture Strength of Milled and 3D-Printed Crown Materials According to Occlusal Thickness.

This study aimed to measure the fracture strengths and hardness of final restorative milled and 3D-printed materials and evaluate the appropriate crown thickness for their clinical use for permanent prosthesis. One type of milled material (group M) and two types of 3D-printed materials (groups P1 and P2) were used. Their crown thickness was set to 0.

Complement C5a Receptor Signaling in Macrophages Enhances Trained Immunity Through mTOR Pathway Activation.

Complement C5a receptor (C5aR) signaling in immune cells has various functions, inducing inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses based on the type of ligand present. The Co1 peptide (SFHQLPARSRPLP) has been reported to activate C5aR signaling in dendritic cells. We investigated the effect of C5aR signaling via the Co1 peptide on macrophages.

Automated Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening Using Low-Dose Chest CT among Individuals Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Korean Population.

Opportunistic osteoporosis screening using deep learning (DL) analysis of low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scans is a potentially promising approach for the early diagnosis of this condition. We explored bone mineral density (BMD) profiles across all adult ages and prevalence of osteoporosis using LDCT with DL in a Korean population. This retrospective study included 1915 participants from two hospitals who underwent LDCT during general health checkups between 2018 and 2021.

The connection between aging, cellular senescence and gut microbiome alterations: A comprehensive review.

The intricate interplay between cellular senescence and alterations in the gut microbiome emerges as a pivotal axis in the aging process, increasingly recognized for its contribution to systemic inflammation, physiological decline, and predisposition to age-associated diseases. Cellular senescence, characterized by a cessation of cell division in response to various stressors, induces morphological and functional changes within tissues. The complexity and heterogeneity of senescent cells, alongside the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, exacerbate the aging process through pro-inflammatory pathways and influence the microenvironment and immune system.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms in Korean adults with diabetes: Individual differences and associations with life satisfaction and mortality.

Objective: We examined trajectories of depressive symptoms and their predictors in adults with diabetes. We assessed whether these trajectories were related to life satisfaction and mortality.

Design: Longitudinal, prospective observational study.

Targeting S6K/NFκB/SQSTM1/Polθ signaling to suppress radiation resistance in prostate cancer.

In this study we have identified POLθ-S6K-p62 as a novel druggable regulator of radiation response in prostate cancer. Despite significant advances in delivery, radiotherapy continues to negatively affect treatment outcomes and quality of life due to resistance and late toxic effects to the surrounding normal tissues such as bladder and rectum. It is essential to develop new and effective strategies to achieve better control of tumor.

CVD incidence and mortality among people with diabetes and/or hypertension: Results from the English longitudinal study of ageing.

Background And Aims: Diabetes and/or hypertension are the most common conditions in older people, and also related to higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the risk of CVD incidence and mortality among older people with diabetes and/or hypertension over a 16 years follow-up period and investigates the role of depression and obesity in these relationships.

Methods: 6,855 participants aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Electron density dual-energy CT can improve the detection of lumbar disc herniation with higher image quality than standard and virtual non-calcium images.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance and image quality of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with electron density (ED) image reconstruction with those of DECT with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image reconstructions, for diagnosing lumbar disc herniation (L-HIVD).

Methods: A total of 59 patients (354 intervertebral discs from T12/L1 to L5/S1; mean age, 60 years; 30 women and 29 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks were enrolled between March 2021 and February 2022. Four radiologists independently assessed three image sets of randomized ED, SC, and VNCa images to detect L-HIVD at 8-week intervals.

l-2-Hydroxyglutarate remodeling of the epigenome and epitranscriptome creates a metabolic vulnerability in kidney cancer models.

Tumor cells are known to undergo considerable metabolic reprogramming to meet their unique demands and drive tumor growth. At the same time, this reprogramming may come at a cost with resultant metabolic vulnerabilities. The small molecule l-2-hydroxyglutarate (l-2HG) is elevated in the most common histology of renal cancer.

Effects of COVID-19 Status on Hip Fracture Surgical Outcomes: An ACS NSQIP Study.

Background: Studies have indicated that patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus fare worse clinically after a traumatic injury, especially those who are older and have other comorbidities.

Objective: This study aims to understand the effects of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) diagnosis on patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of the 2021 American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Targeted Hip Fracture database for patients who underwent surgery.

Cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine for older adults in South Korea.

South Korea's National Immunization Program administers the quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) to manage seasonal influenza, with a particular focus on the elderly. After reviewing the safety and immune response triggered by the adjuvanted QIV (aQIV) in individuals aged 65 and older, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea approved its use. However, the extensive impact of aQIV on public health is yet to be fully understood.

Atto-Scale Noise Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors Enabled by Controlling Interfacial Energetic Offset through Enhanced Anchoring Ability.

The near-infrared (NIR) sensor technology is crucial for various applications such as autonomous driving and biometric tracking. Silicon photodetectors (SiPDs) are widely used in NIR applications; however, their scalability is limited by their crystalline properties. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted attention for NIR applications owing to their scalability, low-temperature processing, and notably low dark current density (J), which is similar to that of SiPDs.

Olecranon bone age assessment in puberty using a lateral elbow radiograph and a deep-learning model.

Objectives: To improve pubertal bone age (BA) evaluation by developing a precise and practical elbow BA classification using the olecranon, and a deep-learning AI model.

Materials And Methods: Lateral elbow radiographs taken for BA evaluation in children under 18 years were collected from January 2020 to June 2022, retrospectively. A novel classification and the olecranon BA were established based on the morphological changes in the olecranon ossification process during puberty.

Cost-Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the UK: Two Versus Single-Dose of Nonavalent HPV Vaccination.

Introduction: The UK implemented a single-dose HPV vaccination policy in September 2023, aiming for sustained protection, better vaccine coverage, and reduced healthcare costs. This research assesses the cost-effectiveness of both one-dose and two-dose schedules from a healthcare perspective.

Methods: Using an age-structured dynamic model, the study analyzed long-term health and economic outcomes of these two different vaccination approaches.

Is fear of disease progression associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence in persons with HIV/AIDS?

We examined the mediating role of depression and anxiety on the relationship between fear of disease progression (FoP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and the moderating role of social support in the FoP-depression/anxiety-ART adherence relationship in persons with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). 202 PWHA completed self-report measures. Simple mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed.

Assessing the cost-effectiveness of annual COVID-19 booster vaccination in South Korea using a transmission dynamic model.

Introduction: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of South Korea's planned annual coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster campaign scheduled for October 2023.

Materials And Methods: An age-structured mathematical model was used to analyze the public impacts and cost-effectiveness of vaccination across three vaccination strategies: uniform allocation and prioritizing those over 65 or those over 50 years old. We calculated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) from both healthcare and societal perspectives.

Comparative Effects of Bivalent, Quadrivalent, and Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in The Prevention of Genotype-Specific Infection: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major global disease burden and the main cause of cervical cancer. Certain HPV genotypes, with are the most common etiologic pathogens and cause a significant disease burden, are being targeted for vaccine development. However, few studies have focused on the comparative effectiveness of the bivalent HPV (2v-HPV), quadrivalent HPV (4v-HPV), and nonavalent HPV (9v-HPV) vaccines against HPV strain-specific infection.

Assessing the transmission potential of mpox in East Asia during 2022-2023: A focus on Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea.

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the transmission potential of mpox in East Asia, focusing on the hardest hit nations: Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea.

Methods: We utilized six phenomenological dynamic growth models to fit the case incidence during the initial 30 epidemic days. The best-fit model was selected to calculate the reproduction number (R ).

Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for adolescent girls in Japan: A comparison of 2-valent, 4-valent, and 9-valent HPV vaccines with consideration of cross-protection.

Objective: In April 2023, the Japanese Health Ministry panel approved the inclusion of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine in the National Immunization Program, alongside the 2-valent (2vHPV) and 4-valent HPV (4vHPV) vaccines. In response to this, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of these three vaccines for routine immunization of girls aged 12-16 in Japan, considering the cross-protection of 2vHPV and 4vHPV vaccines.

Methods: We constructed an age-structured mathematical model for HPV transmission, aiming to quantify the economic and epidemiological effects of various HPV vaccination strategies over a 70-year period in Japan.

All-dielectric scale invariant waveguide.

Total internal reflection (TIR) governs the guiding mechanisms of almost all dielectric waveguides and therefore constrains most of the light in the material with the highest refractive index. The few options available to access the properties of lower-index materials include designs that are either lossy, periodic, exhibit limited optical bandwidth or are restricted to subwavelength modal volumes. Here, we propose and demonstrate a guiding mechanism that leverages symmetry in multilayer dielectric waveguides as well as evanescent fields to strongly confine light in low-index materials.

Assessing the impact of turbulent kinetic energy boundary conditions on turbulent flow simulations using computational fluid dynamics.

Computational fluid dynamics has been widely used to study hemodynamics, but accurately determining boundary conditions for turbulent blood flow remains challenging. This study aims to investigate the effect of patient-specific turbulence boundary conditions on the accuracy of turbulent flow simulation. Using a stenosis model with 50% severity in diameter, the post-stenosis turbulence flow region was simulated with different planes to obtain inlet boundary conditions and simulate downstream flows.

C5aR dendritic cells fine-tune the Peyer's patch microenvironment to induce antigen-specific CD8 T cells.

The mucosal delivery route is considered ideal for immunization. However, induction of antigen-specific mucosal immunity is difficult due to the tolerogenic environment. Therefore, developing an immunogenic mucosal dendritic cell (DC)-targeting strategy is required.