Carrier Screening and Diagnosis for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Using Droplet Digital PCR Versus MLPA: Analytical Validation and Early Test Outcome.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular life-threatening disorder. Owing to high carrier frequency, population-wide SMA screening to quantify the copy number of gene is recommended by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. An accurate, reliable, short runaround time and cost-effective method may be helpful in mass population screening for SMA.

Anomalous retrogressive palmaris longus.

An interesting case of unusual unilateral variant of palmaris longus (PL) tendon of forearm was noticed by us. We found two bellies of PL as well as their different insertions. These observations will help in understanding morphological variations of this muscle and its clinical implications.

Comparison of depth of electrode insertion between cochleostomy and round window approach: a cadaveric study.

Introduction: Round window approach and cochleostomy approach can have different depth of electrode insertion during cochlear implantation which itself can alter the audiological outcomes in cochlear implant.

Objective: The current study was conducted to determine the difference in the depth of electrode insertion via cochleostomy and round widow approach when done serially in same temporal bone.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in conjunction with Department of Anatomy and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology over a period of 1 year.

Computed tomographic age estimation from the iliac crest and ischial tuberosity in an Indian population using supervised machine learning approaches.

Within the pelvis the iliac crest and ischial tuberosity display delayed ossification and fusion, thus, presenting as reliable maturity indicators. Amongst the different iliac crest and ischial tuberosity age estimation methods, the modified Kreitner-Kellinghaus stages constitute one of the more promising methods. The present study was directed towards establishing the applicability of the modified Kreitner-Kellinghaus method using five supervised machine learning approaches.

Applicability of the six-phase method for auricular age estimation in an Indian population: A CT-based study.

Age estimation plays a crucial role in human identification. Amongst numerous age markers located throughout the skeletal framework, the auricular surface of the ilium presents as a resilient structure, with different methods for auricular age estimation currently in practice. Amongst these methods, the Osborne method is believed to permit accurate age estimation through its use of robust age categories and discrete phase descriptors.

Machine learning and regression analysis for age estimation from the iliac crest based on computed tomographic explorations in an Indian population.

Age estimation constitutes an integral parameter of identification. In children, sub-adults, and young adults, accurate age estimation is vital on various aspects of civil, criminal, and immigration law. The iliac crest presents as a suitable age marker within these age cohorts, and the modified Risser method constitutes a relatively novel and unexplored method for iliac crest age estimation.

Applicability of the Suchey-Brooks method for age estimation in an Indian population: A computed tomography-based exploration using Bayesian analysis and machine learning.

Age estimation occupies a prominent niche in the identification process. In cases where skeletal remains present for examination, age is often estimated from markers distributed throughout the skeletal framework. Within the pelvis, the pubic symphysis constitutes one of the more commonly utilized skeletal markers for age estimation, with the Suchey-Brooks method comprising one of the more commonly employed methods for pubic symphyseal age estimation.

Assessment of the use and Safety of Protection Box for Intubation and Extubation Among Anaesthesiologists During COVID-19 Pandemic- A Cross-sectional Survey.

Introduction: Covid 19 epidemic has affected the people making them undergo emergency procedures requiring intubation. A protective box was innovated at our tertiary care centre to safeguard the HCW during intubation and/or extubation and the study was planned to assess its use and safety among the anaesthesiologists.

Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire base survey was done among anaesthesiologists in various strata of residency.

An evaluation of the Gilbert-McKern pubic symphyseal age estimation method using Bayesian statistics and principal component analysis: A computed tomographic exploration in an Indian population.

Age of an individual constitutes a primary facet of human identification. In cases where skeletal remains present for examination, bony markers distributed throughout the skeletal framework are employed for age estimation. Amongst these markers, the pubic symphysis constitutes one of the more commonly utilized structures.

Age estimation from iliac auricular surface using Bayesian inference and principal component analysis: a CT-based study in an Indian population.

Age estimation constitutes one of the pillars of human identification. The auricular surface of the ilium presents as a durable and robust structure within the human skeletal framework, capable of enabling accurate age estimation in older adults. Amongst different documented auricular age estimation methods, the Buckberry-Chamberlain method offers greater objectivity through its component-based approach.

An evaluation of the three-component pubic symphyseal human age estimation method: a CT-based exploration in an Indian population.

Age estimation constitutes an important facet of human identification within forensic, bioarchaeological, repatriation, and humanitarian contexts. Within the human skeletal framework, the pubic symphysis comprises one of the more commonly utilized structures for age estimation. The present investigation was aimed at establishing the applicability of the McKern-Stewart pubic symphyseal age estimation method in males and females of an Indian population, an aspect previously unreported.

Morphological Study of Variations of the Human Cadaveric Liver and Its Clinical Implications.

Introduction With increasing dependence on laparoscopic procedures, precise knowledge of external variations of the liver is essential for good surgical and interventional outcomes, preventing imaging misdiagnosis, and curtailing complications. The present study aims to evaluate the gross anatomical variations of the liver. Materials and Methods The 40 adult cadaveric livers of age 60-80 years were removed during the routine dissection for undergraduate medical students and examined for morphological variations in the form of size, shape, and fissures.

Applicability of the Calce method for age estimation in an Indian population: A clinical CT-based study.

Age estimation is one of the prerequisites of human identification. Age-progressive changes in the pelvis offer useful evidence for forensic age estimation across all age groups. The acetabulum presents as a durable and taphonomic degradation resistant age marker, and, can be employed for analysing age-progressive changes described by Calce.

Computed tomographic evaluation of the acetabulum for age estimation in an Indian population using principal component analysis and regression models.

The acetabulum presents as a well-preserved evidence, resistant to taphonomic degradation changes and can thus aid in the age estimation process. A CT-based examination of the acetabulum can further help simplify the process of age estimation by overcoming the time-consuming process of maceration and by doing away with the interference resulting from tissue remnants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the acetabulum for age estimation in an Indian population through a CT-based examination, using principal component analysis and regression models.

CT-based evaluation of the acetabulum for age estimation in an Indian population.

Age estimation constitutes an important aspect of forensic research, investigation and human identification. For the purpose of age estimation, various markers within the skeletal framework are employed. Degenerative morphological changes in the skeleton can be used for age estimation in adults.

Age estimation from sternebral fusion in an Indian population - A computed tomographic evaluation.

Forensic age estimation is a crucial aspect of the human identification process. Sternebral fusion is one of the skeletal indicators of age that has not been thoroughly researched for the purpose of age estimation. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the utility of each of the sternebral fusion in age estimation, and to ascertain if these fusion stages can help in identifying whether an individual has attained the medicolegally significant ages of 16 and 18 years.

Hepatic Arterial Variations and Its Implication During Pancreatic Cancer Surgeries.

Purpose: Aberrant hepatic artery anatomy is a considerable challenge during pancreatic surgery as it warrants extreme caution for the preservation of vascular supply as well as achievement of R0 resection margin.

Method: We reviewed the literature about the aberrant anatomical variations of the hepatic artery and its relevance during pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.

Result: Preoperative deliberation of peri-pancreatic vascular anatomy using advanced imaging methods is crucial for surgeons.

Forensic age estimation using conventional radiography of the medial clavicular epiphysis: A systematic review.

Of the many roles that forensic anthropologists and medico-legal professionals need to perform, forensic age estimation is one of the most frequent and important. Scoring medial clavicular epiphyseal (MCE) fusion is a method used to estimate age in young adults. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the reliability and reproducibility of MCE fusion visualised by conventional radiography and scored by Schmeling's grading system to determine whether an individual has attained the age of 18 years.

Computed tomographic analysis of medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion for age estimation in Indian population.

Forensic age estimation is a crucial aspect of the identification process. While epiphyseal fusion of long bones has been studied for age estimation since a long time, over the past few years, the role of medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion in age estimation is being explored. The medial clavicular epiphyseal fusion can be used to estimate age in young adults, and can also determine whether medicolegally significant ages of 16 and 18 years have been attained by an individual.

Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and CD8+ expression in endometrium of women of unexplained infertility.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the changes of endometrial progesterone and estrogen receptors in luteal phase biopsy specimens of infertile women and find a correlation, if any, between these and CD8+ receptors in the same.

Methods: The study was conducted on luteal phase endometrial biopsy specimens of 30 women of unexplained infertility and 15 age matched controls. Paraffin sections were first H & E stained.

Low fidelity model making activity by students: A novel way of learning concepts of neuroanatomy.

Teaching and learning anatomy has always been an integral part of medical education. Teaching neuroanatomy has always faced innate and contextual challenges therefore various innovative teaching-learning methods have been devised on the idea of engaging learners in meaningful learning activities through apt guidance, communication among peers and cluster activities. The present study aims at such an innovative method.

Abnormal vessel of the ear associated with congenital arteriovenous malformation in the postauricular region.

Variations in the branching pattern of the common, external, and internal carotid arteries can present as arteriovenous malformations, and their basis can be explained embryologically. Our case was a rare variation presenting as a congenital, very gradually increasing bluish painless swelling at the region of the left lobule of the ear arising from an abnormal vessel (from the postauricular artery) which was explored under general anesthesia through a postauricular curved incision. The abnormal vessel and other feeding vessels were ligated and a sclerosing agent injected.