Risk factors and outcomes in patients with cochlear nerve deficiency.

Introduction: Cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is a cause of sensorineural hearing loss made by radiologic criteria. There is sparse literature involving audiological outcomes and cochlear implantation (CI) success in patients with CND.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients with sensorineural hearing loss at a tertiary children's hospital from 2000 to 2020 was conducted.

The medicolegal importance of establishing human identity by using dactyloscopy and rugoscopy: A comparative study.

Background: Palatal rugae are irregular and asymmetric mesenchymal ridges that extend in a lateral direction away from the incisive papilla and mid-palatine raphe. Their unique characteristics and environmental stableness justify their inclusion in forensic investigations. Dermatoglyphics or fingerprint patterns are epidermal ridges, which are genetically controlled and are specific to an individual.

Interprofessional education and practice in an Indian setting.

With current global healthcare trends, there is a growing need for interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional practice (IPP) in collaborative care of persons with chronic medical conditions. Tools and models for IPE and IPP are now available, but they are not yet in widespread use. Developmental-behavioural paediatrics is a medical discipline that is characterized by IPP with an encouraging emergence of this speciality in India and other developing countries.

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia in a 14-month old: a case report and review of imaging differential diagnosis.

We report a 14-month-old male with craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD). The patient presented with a history of diminishing vision and hearing loss. Cranial computed tomography scan showed diffuse calvarial and skull base hyperostosis with excessive bone narrowing the internal auditory canals and skull base foramina.

Incidental mastoid opacification in children on MRI.

Background: The opacification the mastoid cavity is frequently reported by radiologists on cross-sectional imaging done for non-otological indications. It is well known that presence of fluid the mastoid does not amount to mastoiditis. This study seeks to provide an evidence-based confirmation of this known finding.

Compression of the posterior fossa venous sinuses by epidural hemorrhage simulating venous sinus thrombosis: CT and MR findings.

Background: Posterior fossa dural venous sinus thrombus is a well-described complication of head trauma, especially when fracture crosses the dural sinus grooves or in association with epidural hemorrhage. We have found that post-traumatic posterior fossa epidural hematoma compressing a dural venous sinus can mimic dural venous thrombus.

Objective: To discuss the CT and MRI findings of posterior fossa epidural hemorrhages simulating sinus thrombosis, to make radiologists aware of this important imaging pitfall.

The incidental pulmonary nodule in a child. Part 2: Commentary and suggestions for clinical management, risk communication and prevention.

The incidental detection of small lung nodules in children is a vexing consequence of an increased reliance on CT. We present an algorithm for the management of lung nodules detected on CT in children, based on the presence or absence of symptoms, the presence or absence of elements in the clinical history that might explain these nodules, and the imaging characteristics of the nodules (such as attenuation measurements within the nodule). We provide suggestions on how to perform a thoughtfully directed and focused search for clinically occult extrathoracic disease processes (including malignant disease) that may present as an incidentally detected lung nodule on CT.

The incidental pulmonary nodule in a child. Part 1: recommendations from the SPR Thoracic Imaging Committee regarding characterization, significance and follow-up.

No guidelines are in place for the follow-up and management of pulmonary nodules that are incidentally detected on CT in the pediatric population. The Fleischner guidelines, which were developed for the older adult population, do not apply to children. This review summarizes the evidence collected by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Thoracic Imaging Committee in its attempt to develop pediatric-specific guidelines.

Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children: imaging assessment.

Tracheobronchial foreign-body aspiration is a relatively frequent pediatric emergency and a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality especially in preschool children. Although foreign-body aspiration may cause sudden airway obstruction and subsequent death, quite often symptoms are mild and nonspecific; therefore, the correct diagnosis may be delayed particularly in the pediatric population. A delay in diagnosis increases the rate of complications and can cause substantial morbidity.

Determining the normal aorta size in children.

Purpose: To establish effective aorta diameter standards at multiple levels of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and common iliac arteries by using computed tomographic (CT) data in healthy children (infants, children, adolescents) through young adults (hereafter referred to collectively as "children") of a wide range of sizes so that z scores may be calculated.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. The effective diameter, the average of aortic anteroposterior and lateral diameters, was independently measured at multiple levels of the aorta and common iliac arteries by two radiologists using 1-mm-collimation double-oblique reconstructions.

Tetralogy of Fallot with double aortic arch and discontinuous left pulmonary artery.

We report a case of Tetralogy of Fallot with double aortic arch and discontinuous left pulmonary artery, supplied by the ductus arteriosus, a rare entity.

MDCT Derived Left Ventricular Function in Relation to Echocardiography: Validation and Revising the Role with the Evolving Technology.

Background: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a frequently performed examination for coronary artery disease. When performed with retrospective gating, there is an opportunity to derive functional parameters of left ventricle utilizing automated software. Complementary information, if validated with established standards, will enhance the total value of study.

CT findings in pediatric blunt intestinal injury.

Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Computed tomography examinations play an important role in the management of patients with major trauma. Though abdominal trauma is less common compared to head injuries, the associated morbidity and mortality are substantial.

Imaging of multifocal liver lesions in children and adolescents.

Multifocal liver lesions are encountered regularly in children and adolescents. By knowing the specific ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of benign and malignant pediatric liver lesions as well as the particular clinical setting, radiologists can frequently narrow the differential diagnosis and sometimes offer a definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this review article is to illustrate the imaging findings of numerous benign and malignant causes of multifocal liver lesions in the pediatric population.

MR enterography of perforated acute Meckel diverticulitis.

Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine that generally comes to attention due to a variety of complications, such as gastrointestinal tract bleeding, bowel obstruction or acute inflammation. These diverticula frequently are difficult to prospectively diagnose by imaging. Clinically, acute Meckel diverticulitis can be mistaken for acute appendicitis or Crohn disease.

Calculating the required transfusion volume in children.

Background: The traditional method of calculating blood volume for pediatric transfusion in the UK is weight (kg) x aimed increment in hemoglobin concentration (Hb; g/dL) x the transfusion factor, usually quoted at 3 or 4. This equation is without evidence base. The aim was to assess how the volume of red cells (RBCs) affects the increase in serum Hb in children and to devise a formula that allows accurate volume calculation.