Spatial attention U-Net model with Harris hawks optimization for retinal blood vessel and optic disc segmentation in fundus images.

Background: The state of the human eye's blood vessels is a crucial aspect in the diagnosis of ophthalmological illnesses. For many computer-aided diagnostic systems, precise retinal vessel segmentation is an essential job. However, it remains a difficult task due to the intricate vascular system of the eye.

Brain disorders: Impact of mild SARS-CoV-2 may shrink several parts of the brain.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory infection discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As a result of the pandemic, several individuals have experienced life-threatening diseases, the loss of loved ones, lockdowns, isolation, an increase in unemployment, and household conflict. Moreover, COVID-19 may cause direct brain injury via encephalopathy.

Hydrothermal synthesis of novel heterostructured Ag/TiO /CuFe O nanocomposite: Characterization, enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, and efficient antibacterial studies.

In this work, we reported the successful synthesis of novel Ag/TiO /CuFe O ternary nanocomposite by hydrothermal technique by using TiO /CuFe O binary nanocomposite precursor that was also prepared by hydrothermal treatment by using TiO nanoparticles and CuFe O nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel method. The synthesized nanomaterials were accessed for their morphological, structural, and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals the formation of pure Ag/TiO /CuFe O ternary nanocomposite in which the Ag, TiO , and CuFe O are in anatase, spinal, and cubic crystal phases, respectively.

Microbiomics and cloud-based analytics advance sustainable soil management.

Soil constitutes a major component of the agro-ecosystem. Unrestrained uses of chemical pesticides and increased human activities have contributed to unprecedented changes in soil microflora affecting productivity. Modern microbiomics has proven to be an indispensable tool to understand the adaptations underlying complex soil microbial communities and their beneficial applications.

Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as an add-on therapy for irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) lead to considerable impairment of health-related quality of life and high health care costs. Available therapies are not efficient in treating the symptoms of IBS. Studies have shown the beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856.

Dual pharmacological inhibitor of endocannabinoid degrading enzymes reduces depressive-like behavior in female rats.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common, often under-treated and a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. The causes of MDD remain unclear, including the role of the endocannabinoid system. Intriguingly, the prevalence of depression is significantly greater in women than men.

Evaluation of survival of 8 mm-length implants in posterior resorbed ridges: A pilot study.

Context: Rehabilitation of jaws with reduced bone height is technically demanding and expensive. Short implants are emerging as an alternate in such cases.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the survival of implants of 8 mm in length (short implants), clinically and radiographically, in posterior resorbed ridges.

Cannabinoid-1 receptor neutral antagonist reduces binge-like alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced accumbal dopaminergic signaling.

Binge alcohol (ethanol) drinking is associated with profound adverse effects on our health and society. Rimonabant (SR141716A), a CB1 receptor inverse agonist, was previously shown to be effective for nicotine cessation and obesity. However, studies using rimonabant were discontinued as it was associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety.

Relevance of microRNA 21 in Different Types of Hypertension.

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition that commonly affects the aging population worldwide. The prevalence of HTN is increasing in developing countries and is one of the leading causes of death in older individuals. HTN results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

Rare Locations of Epidermoid Cyst: Case Reports and Review.

Background: Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions encountered throughout the body. Eighty percent of epidermoid cyst seen in ovaries and testicles, whereas in head and neck region they account for only 1.6-7.

Environmental enrichment ameliorates chronic immobilisation stress-induced spatial learning deficits and restores the expression of BDNF, VEGF, GFAP and glucocorticoid receptors.

Severe and prolonged stress is the main environmental factor that precipitates depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions. On the other hand, exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to induce progressive plasticity in the brain and improve learning and memory in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is not known whether exposure to enriched environment could ameliorate chronic immobilisation stress-induced cognitive deficits and altered molecular markers.

Oxidative Stress Induced Damage to Paternal Genome and Impact of Meditation and Yoga - Can it Reduce Incidence of Childhood Cancer?

Background: Sperm DNA damage is underlying aetiology of poor implantation and pregnancy rates but also affects health of offspring and may also result in denovo mutations in germ line and post fertilization. This may result in complex diseases, polygenic disorders and childhood cancers. Childhood cancer like retinoblastoma (RB) is more prevalent in developing countries and the incidence of RB has increased more than three fold in India in the last decade.

Ancient schwannoma-a rare case.

Schwannoma is a relatively uncommon, slow-growing benign tumor that is derived apparently from the Schwann cells lining the nerve sheath. The schwannoma is usually a solitary lesion, and can be multiple when associated with neurofibromatosis. A case of 40-year-old women with a swelling in her mid-portion of the lower lip is presented.

Esophageal changes in oral submucous fibrosis using fiber-optic endoscopy.

Aim:   The aim of this study was to determine the extent of esophageal involvement and the association between the clinical and functional stages of oral submucous fibrosis and esophageal changes in oral submucous fibrosis patients.

Methods:   Thirty of 35 biopsied patients with proven oral submucous fibrosis, and 20 patients with no evidence of disease, underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsies were taken from upper third, middle third, and lower third of the esophagus and sent for histopathological evaluation.

Novel glioblastoma markers with diagnostic and prognostic value identified through transcriptome analysis.

Purpose: Current methods of classification of astrocytoma based on histopathologic methods are often subjective and less accurate. Although patients with glioblastoma have grave prognosis, significant variability in patient outcome is observed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify glioblastoma diagnostic and prognostic markers through microarray analysis.

Acrocallosal syndrome.

Presented here is a case of a 8 year old boy with typical clinical manifestations of Acrocallosal syndrome. The characteristic features of this syndrome are craniofacial abnormalities, distinctive digital malformation, mental retardation. The clinical and major nosologic aspects of this condition are discussed.