Using Sentinel-2 data to estimate the concentration of heavy metals caused by industrial activities in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Northeastern Kazakhstan.

This study aims to investigate the change in heavy metal concentration and evaluate pollution intensity using Sentinel-2 data. Sixty samples collected from the surface soil in the area were used to determine the concentration of lead, copper, and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Then, the step-by-step regression method was used in ArcGIS software to determine the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals and the ranking of the influential spectral bands of Sentinel-2 to monitor heavy metals in the relevant sampling points.