Auxiliary effect of trolox on coenzyme Q restricts angiogenesis and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells via the ERK/Akt pathway.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cancer signalling pathways and tumour maintenance, making ROS targeting a promising anti-cancer strategy. Coenzyme Q (CoQ10) has been shown to be effective against various cancers, but its impact on retinoblastoma, alone or with trolox, remains unreported. Cytotoxicity of CoQ alone and with trolox was evaluated in normal human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and Y79 retinoblastoma cells using CCK-8.

Pembrolizumab-Induced Pancreatitis: Take It With a Grain of Salt.

Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is an immunomodulator that prevents the interaction between programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and programmed death ligand (PD-L1/2) on immune cells and tumour cells, thereby preventing T cell dysfunction. At times, mounting a strong immune response against tumour cells may not spare normal cells, leading to a variety of multisystemic adverse effects. With this, we present a case of a 64-year-old male who developed acute pancreatitis after completing eight cycles of Keytruda for castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer for six months, after all other causes of pancreatitis were excluded.

Navigating the Storm: Managing Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in a High-Risk Pregnancy.

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare, life-threatening condition causing significant thrombocytopenia and bleeding with the risk of developing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It results from maternal immunizations against fetal platelet antigens. Here, we report a case of a pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation who presented to the hospital with a low platelet count of 90 th/mm and was found to have anti-human platelet antigen (HPA) 1a, 2b antibodies.

Trolox aids coenzyme Q in neuroprotection against NMDA induced damage via upregulation of VEGF in rat model of glutamate excitotoxicity.

Glutamate induced damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) requires tight physiological regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Previously, studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective abilities of antioxidants like coenzyme Q (CoQ) and vitamin E analogs like α-tocopherol against neuropathies resulting from NMDA insult, but have failed to shed light on the effect of CoQ and trolox, a hydrophilic analog of vitamin E, on glaucomatous neurodegeneration. In the current study, we wanted to investigate whether the combined effect of trolox with CoQ could alleviate NMDA-induced death of retinal cells while also trying to elucidate the underlying mechanism in relation to the yet unexplained role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity.

Insulin like growth factor-1 works synergistically with dopamine to attenuate diabetic retinopathy by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor.

Aim: Levels of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a proangiogenic growth factor is elevated and dopamine downregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This study aims to investigate whether IGF-1 with dopamine can together modulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to prevent proliferative diabetic retinopathy while also attenuating angiogenic effects of IGF-1.

Methods: Effect of combination of levodopa L-Dopa with IGF-1 was tested on normal retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), followed by tube formation.