An Exploratory-Descriptive Analysis of Training Programs for Leadership in Health Research and Services in India.

Background: There are several leadership training programs for health researchers in India. However, there is a need to develop context-tailored leadership and mentoring approaches.

Objective: The objective of the study is to critically analyze the available leadership training programs in India for health researchers and service providers, for the leadership domains incorporated and overall training approaches.

Optical Coherence Tomography in a Morning Glory Disc Anomaly with a Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membrane.

The purpose of this case report is to describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (PPCNVM) in an eye with morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA). A PPCNVM appears as a hyper-reflective mass in the peripapillary area. It should be distinguished from peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures, which are markers of axoplasmic flow stasis.

Optical coherence tomography in papilledema: A probe into the intracranial pressure correlation.

Purpose: To study the optic nerve head characteristics on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with papilledema and correlate them with intracranial pressure (ICP).

Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study of 46 eyes of 23 patients with bilateral optic disc edema secondary to increased ICP. The clinical profile and the OCT features in terms of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and enhanced depth imaging (EDI) B scan images of the optic nerve head were studied and correlated with the ICP.

Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy in a Patient with Cadherin 3 (CDH3) Mutation.

Introduction: Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness in the first three decades of life along with hypotrichosis.

Case: We herein report a case of a five year old boy with hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy diagnosed with multi-modal imaging which was later confirmed by genetic testing by whole genome sequencing.

Observations: Fundus examination of both eyes revealed symmetrical hypopigmentation in peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) involving posterior pole and surrounded by a mottled hyperpigmented border.

Coexisting Optic Disc Melanocytoma and Pituitary Adenoma.

Aim: To report a rare case of optic disc melanocytoma coexistent with pituitary adenoma.

Methods: Ophthalmological examination with perimetry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits was done.

Results: A 42-year-old woman presented with complaints of progressive diminution of vision in the right eye of 6 weeks' duration.

Diagnosis in a case total ophthalmoplegia - where time is life.

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection seen in poorly controlled diabetics or immunocompromised patients who can present initially to an ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist or a neurologist. The clinical presentation to an ophthalmologist may be that of painful ophthalmoplegia.The confirmation and further management of the infection requires an interdisciplinary approach.

A Time Bomb Defused, In Time! A Traumatic Optic Neuropathy To Be Wary Of.

Authors describe a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of cavernous internal carotid artery in a young male who presented with complaints of progressive decrease in vision, inability to move the eye, and delayed epistaxis 8 months after the head injury sustained during a motor vehicle accident. The presence of optic atrophy and epistaxis in the setting of head trauma alerted the authors to look for this potentially life-threatening condition. Timely intervention in the form of endovascular coil occlusion of the internal carotid artery was performed and the epistaxis stopped without any ischaemic or thromboembolic sequaelae.

Prevalence of the optic disc anomalies in the adult South Indian population.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of congenitally abnormal disc (all anomalies) in an adult population in southern India.

Methods: Subjects aged ≥40 years (n=6013) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Optic disc anomalies were diagnosed according to the definitions given in the article.

Optical coherence tomography in papilledema and pseudopapilledema with and without optic nerve head drusen.

Aim: To compare the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of the optic disc and the peripapillary retina of patients with a true papilledema and pseudopapilledema with and without optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

Study Design: Retrospective Case Control Study.

Subjects And Methods: Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PPRNFL) thickness as depicted by SD-OCT of 94 eyes of 66 patients with papilledema (30 eyes), pseudopapiledema (31 eyes), and normal controls (33 eyes) was analyzed.

Bilateral simultaneous nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a patient with alcoholic liver disease.

A 53-year-old man with a history of alcoholism since 10 years admitted for jaundice elsewhere developed bilateral simultaneous decrease in vision in both the eyes 4 days after admission. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Visual field evaluation revealed an inferior altitudinal defect in both the eyes.

Multifocal visual evoked potential recordings in compressive optic neuropathy secondary to pituitary adenoma.

To investigate the effect of pituitary adenoma compressing the optic chiasm on multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) responses and to compare these responses with visual field defects seen on static automated perimetry (SAP). Eight eyes of four subjects (median age, 41.50 years; interquartile range, 33-51 years) who were diagnosed with pituitary adenoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and seen to have a bitemporal visual field defect on standard automated perimetry (SAP), and twelve age-matched normal subjects (median age, 47.