Interbody Cage Placement Without Plate Supplementation Adjacent to Plated Segments in Multilevel Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hybrid anterior cervical fixation, focusing on stand-alone segments.

Summary Of Background Data: In the treatment of multilevel cervical stenosis, the number of segments fixed using a plate is limited by placing an interbody cage without plate supplementation at one end of the surgical segment to reduce long plate-related problems.

Risk Factors for Cage Migration Following Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined With Posterior Instrumentation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 983 Cases.

Study Design: A multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the incidence and risk factors of lateral cage migration (LCM) after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) combined with posterior instrumentation.

Summary Of Background Data: LLIF has recently become a widely accepted procedure for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases.

Reoperation for Misplaced Pedicle Screws: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Study Design: A multicenter retrospective analysis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate reoperation of misplaced pedicle screws (MPSs) after posterior spinal fusion (PSF), focusing on neurological complications.

Summary Of Background Data: The management strategy for MPSs and the clinical results after reoperation are poorly defined.

Insufficient Recovery From C5 Palsy Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for insufficient recovery from C5 palsy (C5P) following anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ADF).

Summary Of Background Data: Postoperative C5P is a frequent but unsolved complication following cervical decompression surgery.

Association Between C5 Palsy and the Anterior Decompression Procedures, Corpectomy and Discectomy.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the influence of various decompression procedures on the incidence of C5 palsy (C5P).

Summary Of Background Data: C5P is a well-known but unsolved complication of cervical spine surgery.

Cranial Kyphotic Change After Multilevel Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion May Lead to Myelopathy Recurrence.

Objective: To determine the characteristic alignment change in patients with myelopathy recurrence after multilevel anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (m-ACCF).

Methods: We analyzed 52 patients who underwent m-ACCF, including 20 who underwent revision surgeries for myelopathy recurrence (R group) and 32 postoperative asymptomatic patients (A group). Classic alignment parameters (cervical lordosis angle, cervical sagittal vertical axis, and fusion area angle and length) and original alignment parameters (α-β, β-bone graft [BG], BG-γ, and γ-δ angles) were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up or before revision surgery.

Compensatory Mechanisms for Kyphotic Change in the Cervical Spine According to Alignment Analysis of the Cases after Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion.

Background: Compensatory mechanisms for cervical kyphosis are unclear. Few alignment analyses have targeted ongoing cervical kyphosis and detailed the effects of compensatory alignment changes.

Methods: We analyzed the radiographic alignment parameters of 31 patients (21 men and 10 women) with postoperative kyphotic changes after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) between 2006 and 2015.

Surgical strategies and outcomes for intradural lipomas over the past 20 years.

Intradural lipoma is an extremely rare spinal tumor. The boundary between the spinal cord and the lipoma is usually unclear, with adhesions being firm. Thus, total resection of the tumor is difficult and the neurological prognosis after total resection is poor.

Numerical and Non-Asymptotic Analysis of Elias's and Peres's Extractors with Finite Input Sequences.

Many cryptographic systems require random numbers, and the use of weak random numbers leads to insecure systems. In the modern world, there are several techniques for generating random numbers, of which the most fundamental and important methods are deterministic extractors proposed by von Neumann, Elias, and Peres. Elias's extractor achieves the optimal rate (i.

Catastrophic Dropped Head Syndrome Requiring Multiple Reconstruction Surgeries after Cervical Laminoplasty.

Introduction: Dropped head syndrome (DHS) after cervical laminoplasty (LAMP) is a rare complication, and no etiologies or surgical strategies have been reported. We present a patient who developed catastrophic DHS after LAMP despite having preoperative cervical lordosis that is known to be suitable for LAMP. We describe a hypothesis concerning the possible mechanism responsible for the DHS and a surgical strategy for relieving it.

Pedicle Screw Fluid Sign: An Indication on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Deep Infection After Posterior Spinal Instrumentation.

Study Design: A single-center case-referent study.

Objective: To assess whether the "pedicle screw (PS) fluid sign" on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose deep surgical site infection (SSI) after posterior spinal instrumentation (PSI).

Summary Of Background Data: MRI is a useful tool for the early diagnosis of a deep SSI.

Surgical results and complications of anterior decompression and fusion as a revision surgery after initial posterior surgery for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

OBJECTIVE Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a progressive disease. An anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) procedure for cervical OPLL is theoretically feasible, as the lesion exists anteriorly; however, such a procedure is considered technically demanding and is associated with serious complications. Cervical laminoplasty is reportedly an effective alternative procedure with few complications; it is recognized as a comparatively safe procedure, and has been widely used as an initial surgery for cervical OPLL.

Lumbar Spinal Surgery in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Study Design: A multicenter, retrospective study.

Objective: To identify the factors that affect surgery-related complications and to clarify the surgical strategy for treating lumbar disorders in Parkinson disease (PD).

Summary Of Background Data: Previous studies have reported a high complication rate for spinal surgery in patients with PD.

Ultrabright continuously tunable terahertz-wave generation at room temperature.

The hottest frequency region in terms of research currently lies in the 'frequency gap' region between microwaves and infrared: terahertz waves. Although new methods for generating terahertz radiation have been developed, most sources cannot generate high-brightness terahertz beams. Here we demonstrate the generation of ultrabright terahertz waves (brightness ~0.

Anterior corpectomy and fusion to C2 for cervical myelopathy: clinical results and complications.

Purpose: Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) to C2 (ACCF-C2) for multilevel lesions is a challenging procedure that is indicated for massive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) extending to C2 or stenosis at the upper cervical region accompanied by kyphosis. However, there is little information on the effectiveness of and complications related to ACCF-C2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall surgical results and postoperative complications of ACCF-C2 for cervical myelopathy.

Extremely wide and asymmetric anterior decompression causes postoperative C5 palsy: an analysis of 32 patients with postoperative C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Objective: We examined whether extremely wide and asymmetric anterior decompression causes postoperative C5 palsy.

Summary Of Background Data: Postoperative C5 palsy is a complication of cervical decompression surgery.

Sacral fracture after instrumented lumbosacral fusion: analysis of risk factors from spinopelvic parameters.

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Objective: To examine the incidence and characteristics of key spinopelvic parameters that are correlated with sacral fracture development after lumbosacral fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: Sacral fracture is a possible complication of instrumented lumbosacral fusion and this has recently been documented in the literature.

Hybrid Decompression and Fixation Technique Versus Plated 3-Vertebra Corpectomy for 4-Segment Cervical Myelopathy: Analysis of 81 Cases With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Study Design: A retrospective comparative study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the stability and outcomes of a hybrid technique with those of a 3-vertebra corpectomy in the management of 4-segment cervical myelopathy.

Summary Of Background Data: Patients with primarily ventral disease and loss of cervical lordosis are considered good candidates for anterior surgery.

Progressive thoracic myelopathy caused by spinal calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition because of proximal junctional vertebral compression fracture after lumbopelvic fusion.

Purpose: We describe cases presenting with progressive thoracic myelopathy after lumbopelvic fusion attributed to proximal junctional vertebral compression fracture (PJF) followed by spinal calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition.

Methods: The study included six patients, ranging from 62 to 75 years. All patients had been treated previously with lumbopelvic fusion.

Risk factors for cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion: analysis of 1070 cases.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Objective: We examined the risk factors for cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) performed for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal diseases.

Summary Of Background Data: Although PLIF is a widely accepted procedure, problems remain regarding perioperative and postoperative complications.

Anterior corpectomy with fusion in combination with an anterior cervical plate in the management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an anterior cervical plate (ACP) used in combination with anterior corpectomy with fusion (ACF) for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Summary Of Background Data: Consensus is lacking about the most suitable method to treat cervical myelopathy caused by OPLL.

Spinal nerve root herniation into a pseudomeningocele associated with lumbar spondylolysis: a case report.

A 38-year-old man presented with low back pain and sciatica on the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal nerve root herniation into a pseudomeningocele associated with lumbar spondylolysis. After closure of the dural defect, the sciatic pain was relieved and subsequently the patient was able to return to work.

Arrayed silicon prism coupler for a terahertz-wave parametric oscillator.

Using room-temperature parametric oscillation of a LiNbO3 crystal pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a simple configuration, we have realized a widely tunable coherent terahertz- (THz-) wave source in the range between 1 and 3 THz. Inasmuch as the THz wave is affected by total internal reflection at the crystal edge, we used a Si prism coupler to couple out the THz wave. We introduce an arrayed Si-prism coupler that increases the efficiency and decreases the diffraction angle.

Enhancement of terahertz-wave output from LiNbO(3) optical parametric oscillators by cryogenic cooling.

In recent years widely tunable terahertz- (THz-) wave generation from LiNbO(3) optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) has been successfully demonstrated by use of the prism output-coupler method. However, there remains a problem of large absorption loss for generated terahertz waves inside the crystal, so we investigated the cryogenic characteristics of the OPO. We achieved 125-times-higher THz-wave output and 32% reduction of the generation threshold by cooling the crystal to 78 K.

Two-photon bioimaging utilizing supercontinuum light generated by a high-peak-power picosecond semiconductor laser source.

We developed a novel scheme for two-photon fluorescence bioimaging. We generated supercontinuum (SC) light at wavelengths of 600 to 1200 nm with 774-nm light pulses from a compact turn-key semiconductor laser picosecond light pulse source that we developed. The supercontinuum light was sliced at around 1030- and 920-nm wavelengths and was amplified to kW-peak-power level using laboratory-made low-nonlinear-effects optical fiber amplifiers.