SIRT5-mediated GLS and GDH desuccinylation attenuates the autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by ammonia.

Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in mitochondria possesses a strong capacity for lysine desuccinylation, involving in various biological processes. Our previous research demonstrated that NH regulated autophagy dependent on SIRT5 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Interestingly, we discovered that SIRT5 reduced the content of NH and glutamate by inhibiting GLS activity in bMECs, the ratio of ADP/ATP also declined.

Multifactorial Analysis of the Effect of Applied Gamma-Polyglutamic Acid on Soil Infiltration Characteristics.

To investigate the mechanism and influence of applying gamma-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on soil water infiltration, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted using Hydrus-1D. These studies assessed the impact of various application rates of γ-PGA on soil water characteristic parameters. Orthogonal simulation experiments on soil bulk density, γ-PGA application rates, and burial depths were performed utilizing predefined soil water characteristic values (twelve groups: nine groups of numerical simulation experiments and three groups of laboratory verification tests), and the soil infiltration characteristics were analyzed.

Parameterization of Four Models to Estimate Crop Evapotranspiration in a Solar Greenhouse.

Working to simplify mechanistic models on the basis of reliability for estimating crop evapotranspiration (ET) in a greenhouse is still worthwhile for horticulturists. In this study, four ET models (Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, and Shuttleworth-Wallace models, and the Crop coefficient method) were parameterized after taking the restriction effect of resistance parameters in these models on ET into account, named as PA-PM, PA-PT, PA-CC, and PA-SW, respectively. The performance of these four parameterized models was compared at different growth stages, as well as the entire growing season.

Sirtuin 5 alleviates apoptosis and autophagy stimulated by ammonium chloride in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Ammonia (NH) is an irritating and harmful gas that affects cell apoptosis and autophagy. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) has multiple enzymatic activities and regulates NH-induced autophagy in tumor cells. In order to determine whether SIRT5 regulates NH-induced bovine mammary epithelial cell apoptosis and autophagy, cells with SIRT5 overexpression or knockdown were generated and in addition, bovine mammary epithelial cells were treated with SIRT5 inhibitors.

Performance of the Improved Priestley-Taylor Model for Simulating Evapotranspiration of Greenhouse Tomato at Different Growth Stages.

Mastering crop evapotranspiration (ET) and improving the accuracy of ET simulation is critical for optimizing the irrigation schedule and saving water resources, particularly for crops cultivated in a greenhouse. Taking greenhouse-grown tomato under drip irrigation as an example, two weighing lysimeters were used to monitor ET at two seasons (2019 and 2020), whilst meteorological factors inside the greenhouse were measured using an automatic weather station. Then the path analysis approach was employed to determine the main environmental control factors of ET.

Effect of a Superabsorbent Polymer (Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid) on Water and Salt Transport in Saline Soils under the Influence of Multiple Factors.

In order to effectively suppress the negative effects of salt ions contained in saline soils on agricultural soil quality and crop growth, this study took advantage of the water-saving properties and better soil improvement properties of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). By carrying out various experiments, the following relationships have been found. (1) The lab experiment studies the effect of the γ-PGA application on the infiltration of sandy loam soil.

Morus alba leaves ethanol extract protects pancreatic islet cells against dysfunction and death by inducing autophagy in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Protection of pancreatic islet cells against dysfunction or death by regulating autophagy is considered to be an effective method for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Morus alba leaves (mulberry leaves), a popular herbal medicine, have been used for prevention of T2DM since ancient times.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify whether Morus alba leaves ethanol extract (MLE) could protect islet cells in vivo and in vitro by regulating autophagy in T2DM, and explore the possible mechanism of action.

P450 enzymes-based metabolic interactions between monarch drugs and the other constituent herbs: A strategy to explore compatibility mechanism of Sangju-Yin.

Background: Herbal compatibility of compound formulas can enhance therapeutic effects or reduce side effects of the monarch drugs, but majority of compatibility mechanisms are still unknown. Sangju-Yin, a well-known Chinese compound formula, is currently used to treat common cold in clinical.

Purpose: In this study, we proposed a strategy to explore the compatibility mechanism of Sangju-Yin by investigating P450 enzymes-based metabolic interactions between monarch drugs and the other constituent herbs.