Towards effective functionalization of nanopores/nanochannels: the role of amidation reactions.

In recent years, researchers have drawn inspiration from natural ion channels to develop various artificial nanopores/nanochannels, including solid-state and biological. Through imitating the precise selectivity and single molecule sensing exhibited by natural ion channels, nanopores/nanochannels have been widely used in many fields, such as analyte detection, gene sequencing and so on. In these applications, the surface functionalization of nanopores/nanochannels directly determines the effectiveness in quantitative analysis and single molecule detection.

ISLS: An Illumination-Aware Sauce-Packet Leakage Segmentation Method.

The segmentation of abnormal regions is vital in smart manufacturing. The blurring sauce-packet leakage segmentation task (BSLST) is designed to distinguish the sauce packet and the leakage's foreground and background at the pixel level. However, the existing segmentation system for detecting sauce-packet leakage on intelligent sensors encounters an issue of imaging blurring caused by uneven illumination.

Irisin: A bridge between exercise and neurological diseases.

Exercise plays a beneficial regulating role on each organ of the body through different mechanisms and is a powerful weapon to prevent disease. Irisin is released from muscle and widely distributed in the human body, participating in the physiological processes of multiple human systems and playing a protective role in multiple human organs. The protective effect of irisin on the nervous system is particularly remarkable, which can improve cognitive function, reduce the risk of ischemic stroke and improve its prognosis.

D3K: The Dissimilarity-Density-Dynamic Radius K-means Clustering Algorithm for scRNA-Seq Data.

A single-cell sequencing data set has always been a challenge for clustering because of its high dimension and multi-noise points. The traditional K-means algorithm is not suitable for this type of data. Therefore, this study proposes a Dissimilarity-Density-Dynamic Radius-K-means clustering algorithm.

Fluorescent probe based on N-doped carbon dots for the detection of intracellular pH and glutathione.

Carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent probes have been widely exploited to detect biomarkers, however, tedious surface modification of CDs is generally required to achieve a relatively good detection ability. Here, we synthesized N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) from triethylenetetramine (TETA) and -phenylenediamine (-PD) using a one-step hydrothermal method. When the pH increases from 3 to 11, the fluorescence intensity of the N-CDs gradually decreases.

An Automatic Instrument Integration Scheme for Interoperable Ocean Observatories.

Due to the heterogeneity, high cost, and harsh environment, ocean observatories demand a flexible, robust, and capable scheme to integrate science instruments. To deal with the challenges of automatic instrument integration and machine-to-machine interaction in ocean observatories, a systematic scheme is proposed based on Zero Configuration Networking (Zeroconf), Programmable Underwater Connector with Knowledge (PUCK), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocols, as well as a smart interface module to achieve instrument plug-and-play and standard communication among heterogeneous ocean instruments. The scheme specifically considers the resource-constrained ocean observatories and machine-to-machine interoperability, which is of great significance to interoperable ocean observatories.

Carbon dots as an "on-off-on" fluorescent probe for detection of Cu(II) ion, ascorbic acid, and acid phosphatase.

Carbon dot (CD)-based fluorescent probes have been widely exploited; however, multi-component detection using CDs without tedious surface modification is always a challenging task. Here, we develop a convenient and simple CD-based "on-off-on" fluorescent probe for detection of copper(II) ion (Cu), ascorbic acid (AA), and acid phosphatase (ACP). Cu leads to the fluorescence quenching of CDs.

Copper(I)-mediated cascade reactions: an efficient approach to the synthesis of functionalized benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidines.

A novel cascade reaction was developed for the synthesis of diverse members of a series of benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives. The process utilizes readily prepared 3-chlorochromenones and various commercially available amidines and their analogues as starting materials. This tandem reaction is promoted by using a simple copper(I) reagent and involves a chemoselective Michael addition-heterocyclization-intramolecular cyclization sequence.

A base-promoted desalicyloylative dimerization of 3-(1-alkynyl)chromones: an unusual approach to 2-alkynyl xanthones.

A novel base-promoted cascade desalicyloylative dimerization of 3-(1-alkynyl)chromones to produce 2-alkynyl xanthones has been developed. This tandem process involves multiple reactions, such as Michael additions/cyclizations/desalicyloylation without a transition metal catalyst and inert atmosphere.