The Role and Mechanism of Vascular Aging in Geriatric Vascular Diseases.

Vascular aging is the pathological basis for the aging of various organ systems in the human body and is a common pathogenesis leading to the development of atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions among older adults. Aging is characterized by accelerated pulse wave velocity, thickening of the carotid artery intima-media, and decreased vascular dilation function. Signaling pathways such as mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Klotho, SIRT, and other key proteins are likely involved in these processes.

Autonomic nervous system imbalance during aging contributes to impair endogenous anti-inflammaging strategies.

Inflammaging refers to the age-related low grade, sterile, chronic, systemic, and long-lasting subclinical, proinflammatory status, currently recognized as the main risk factor for development and progression of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs). Extensive investigations were focused on a plethora of proinflammatory stimuli that can fuel inflammaging, underestimating and partly neglecting important endogenous anti-inflammaging mechanisms that could play a crucial role in such age-related proinflammatory state. Studies on autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions during aging highlighted an imbalance toward an overactive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) tone, promoting proinflammatory conditions, and a diminished parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, playing anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the so called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP).

The Impact of Abnormal Lipid Metabolism on the Occurrence Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

The aim was to determine whether lipid molecules can be used as potential biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), providing important reference value for early diagnosis and treatment. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomic assays allow for the simultaneous detection of a large number of lipids. In this study, lipid profiling was performed on plasma samples from 69 IPAH patients and 30 healthy controls to compare the levels of lipid molecules in the 2 groups of patients, and Cox regression analysis was used to identify meaningful metrics, along with receiver operator characteristic curves to assess the ability of the lipid molecules to predict the risk of disease in patients.

Integrated models of blood protein and metabolite enhance the diagnostic accuracy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: For early screening and diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a robust model based on plasma proteomics and metabolomics is required for accurate and accessible non-invasive detection. Here we aim to combine TMT-LC-MS/MS and machine-learning algorithms to establish models with high specificity and sensitivity, and summarize a generalized model building scheme.

Methods: TMT-LC-MS/MS was used to discover the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma of NSCLC patients.

Association between serum manganese and serum klotho in a 40-80-year-old American population from NHANES 2011-2016.

Manganese is one of the essential trace elements that are required by the human body. Klotho protein is a classic anti-aging marker. The association between the levels of serum manganese and serum klotho in individuals between the ages of 40-80 in the United States remains unclear.

Balanced basal-levels of ROS (redox-biology), and very-low-levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (cold-inflammaging), as signaling molecules can prevent or slow-down overt-inflammaging, and the aging-associated decline of adaptive-homeostasis.

Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) from redox-biology and pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate immunity/and other sources, in addition to their role in redox-biology, and in defense and repair, have long been regarded as potentially harmful factors associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory states. However, their important physiological functions as signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be of importance, also in Geroscience, particularly when ROS are at balanced basal levels (redox-biology) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are at very low levels (cold-inflammaging). Under these conditions, both of these components (alone or in combination) may act as signaling/response molecules involved in regulating/maintaining or restoring adaptive homeostasis during aging, particularly in the early phases of even very-mild non-damaging internal or external environmental stimuli that could nevertheless elicit low-grade warnings-signals for homeostatic stability.

CircGSAP alleviates pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension via regulating miR-27a-3p/BMPR2 axis.

Background: Our previous study showed that circular RNA-gamma-secretase-activating protein (circGSAP) was down-regulated in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) in response to hypoxia, and regulated the cell cycle of PMECs via miR-942-5p sponge in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanism whether circGSAP affects the dysfunction of PEMCs through other microRNAs (miRNAs) remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of circGSAP regulating PMECs dysfunction by absorbing other miRNAs to regulate target genes in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).

CircGSAP regulates the cell cycle of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via the miR-942-5p sponge in pulmonary hypertension.

We recently demonstrated that circGSAP was diminished in lung tissues from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs). However, the underlying role of circGSAP in PMECs remains unknown. The study aimed to investigate the contribution of circGSAP to proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of PMECs in hypoxic environment and explore the mechanism.

Hypoxia in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies.

As the global aging process continues to lengthen, aging-related diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure) continue to plague the elderly population.

Potential role of cellular senescence in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and chronic lung vasculature disease characterised by pulmonary vasculature remodelling, including abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and dysfunctional endothelial cells (ECs). Remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature occurs from maturity to senescence, and it has become apparent that cellular senescence plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various degenerative vascular diseases and pulmonary pathologies. Cellular senescence represents a state of stable proliferative arrest accompanied by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which entails the copious secretion of proinflammatory signals in the tissue microenvironment.

Cold-inflammaging: When a state of homeostatic-imbalance associated with aging precedes the low-grade pro-inflammatory-state (inflammaging): Meaning, evolution, inflammaging phenotypes.

The age-related pro-inflammatory state, discovered and called 'inflammaging' by Franceschi et al. (2000) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases. A substantial body of data established that inflammaging is accompanied by a '2-fold to 4-fold' increase in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in healthy elderly people, when compared to the healthy adult population.

HMGB1 plays an important role in pyroptosis induced blood brain barrier breakdown in diabetes-associated cognitive decline.

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dementia, and evidence suggests hyperglycemia is a key contributor to neurodegeneration. However, our understanding of diabetes-associated cognitive decline, an important complication of diabetes mellitus, is lacking and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is a possible cause of dementia in diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.

The circular RNA circTXNRD1 promoted ambient particulate matter-induced inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells by regulating miR-892a/COX-2 axis.

Particulate matter (PM)-induced airway inflammation contributes to the development and exacerbation of chronic airway diseases. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new class of non-coding RNA that participates in gene regulation in various respiratory diseases, but the regulatory role of circRNA in PM-induced airway inflammation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed the human circRNA microarray to reveal differentially expressed circRNAs in PM-induced human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs).

Do inflammaging and coagul-aging play a role as conditions contributing to the co-occurrence of the severe hyper-inflammatory state and deadly coagulopathy during COVID-19 in older people?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious respiratory disease, which has caused a pandemic that has become the world's leading public health emergency, threatening people of all ages worldwide, especially the elderly. Complications of COVID-19 are closely related to an upregulation of the inflammatory response revealed by the pro-inflammatory profile of plasma cytokines (to the point of causing a cytokine storm), which is also a contributing cause of the associated coagulation disorders with venous and arterial thromboembolisms, causing multiple organ dysfunction and failure. In severe fulminant cases of COVID-19, there is an activation of coagulation and consumption of clotting factors leading to a deadly disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Chinese Tuina Protects against Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia through Inhibiting the Neuroinflammatory Reaction.

. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Chinese Tuina is an effective treatment for HIE, but the molecular mechanisms are yet unknown.

Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 and cigarette smoke induces the synthesis of lipid droplets by glycerol kinase 5.

Particulate matter (PM2.5) and cigarette smoke exposure are leading factors contributing to various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of PM2.

Combined Antioxidant, Anti-inflammaging and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment: A Possible Therapeutic Direction in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Aging functions include mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-to-cell information exchange, protein homeostasis and extracellular matrix dysregulation, which are closely related to chronic inflammatory response and oxidation-antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of COPD. COPD displays distinct inflammaging features, including increased cellular senescence and oxidative stress, stem cell exhaustion, alterations in the extracellular matrix, reduced levels of endogenous anti-inflammaging molecules, and reduced autophagy.

Characteristics of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Pancreas of Rats With Acute Pancreatitis.

Objective: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received increasing attention as potential regulators of several biological processes. However, the precise effects of lncRNAs in acute pancreatitis (AP) have seldom been studied. This study aimed to describe the microarray-based differential expression profile of messenger RNA (mRNAs) and lncRNAs in AP and identify candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of AP.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone delays inflammaging induced by TNF-α through the p16/p21 and Jagged1 signalling pathways.

Previous studies on the longevity effect of pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ) on nematode worms have revealed that PQQ can enhance the antioxidant capacity of nematode worms, thus extending the lifespan of the worms. The induction and development of cellular senescence are closely connected with inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PQQ and ageing factors on senescent cells.

Iron Deposition Leads to Hyperphosphorylation of Tau and Disruption of Insulin Signaling.

Iron deposition in the brain is an early issue in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pathogenesis of iron-induced pathological changes in AD remains elusive. Insulin resistance in brains is an essential feature of AD.

Circular RNAs: a rising star in respiratory diseases.

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), as a new class of non-coding RNA molecules that, unlike linear RNAs, have covalently closed loop structures from the ligation of exons, introns, or both. CircRNAs are widely expressed in various organisms in a specie-, tissue-, disease- and developmental stage-specific manner, and have been demonstrated to play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. An increasing number of recent studies has revealed that circRNAs are intensively associated with different respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, and silicosis.

Genistein protects against acute pancreatitis via activation of an apoptotic pathway mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe and frequently lethal disorder, but the precise mechanisms are not well understood and there is lack of effective drugs. Therefore, our study examined the in vivo intervention effects of genistein and elucidated its mechanism in acute experimental pancreatitis models. We used cerulein or taurocholate to induce acute pancreatitis (AP) in Sprague-Dawley rats with prior genistein treatment.

Characteristics of circular RNA expression in lung tissues from mice with hypoxia‑induced pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life‑threatening lung disease, characterized by an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. The pathogenesis of PH is not fully understood, and there is a lack of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PH. Non‑coding RNAs with a characteristic covalently closed loop structure, termed circular RNAs (circRNAs), are present in a number of pulmonary diseases.

Circular RNAs: Isolation, characterization and their potential role in diseases.

Circular RNA (circRNA) generated by alternative splicing represents a special class of non-coding RNA molecule. CircRNAs are abundant in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm and have a characteristic organization, timing of action and disease specificity. In contrast to linear RNA, circRNAs are resistant to RNA exonuclease.

An Update on Inflamm-Aging: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment.

Inflamm-aging is a challenging and promising new branch of aging-related research fields that includes areas such as immunosenescence. Increasing evidence indicates that inflamm-aging is intensively associated with many aging diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, heart disease, type II diabetes, and cancer. Mounting studies have focused on the role of inflamm-aging in disease progression and many advances have been made in the last decade.