Image quality assessment of artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction for low dose unenhanced abdomen: comparison with hybrid iterative reconstruction.

Objectives: To assess the impact of artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction algorithms (AIIR) on image quality with phantom and clinical studies.

Methods: The phantom images were reconstructed with the hybrid iterative algorithm (HIR: Karl 3D-3, 5, 7, 9) and AIIR (grades 1-5) algorithm. Noise power spectra (NPS), task transfer functions (TTF) were measured, and additionally sharpness was assessed using a "blur metric" procedure.

PsiPartition: Improved Site Partitioning for Genomic Data by Parameterized Sorting Indices and Bayesian Optimization.

Phylogenetics has been widely used in molecular biology to infer the evolutionary relationships among species. With the rapid development of sequencing technology, genomic data with thousands of sites become increasingly common in phylogenetic analysis, while heterogeneity among sites arises as one of the major challenges. A single homogeneous model is not sufficient to describe the evolution of all sites and partitioned models are often employed to model the evolution of heterogeneous sites by partitioning them into distinct groups and utilizing distinct evolutionary models for each group.

Abnormal Temperature Dependence of Huang-Rhys Factor and Exciton Recombination Kinetics in CsPbBr Perovskite Quantum Dots.

Anomalous thermal behaviors of excitonic luminescence in CsPbBr perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) were observed. It is found that the main luminescence peak originated from the excitonic radiative recombination assisted by the longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon, and its integrated intensity first declines as the temperature varies from 10 to 150 K and then turns to increase at ∼160 K, reaching a maximum value at 300 K. A model considering the thermal detrapping and transfer of electrons from a trap level is developed to interpret these abnormal thermal behaviors of the luminescence from the PQDs.

Ultralow dose coronary calcium scoring CT at reduced tube voltage and current by using deep learning image reconstruction.

Objective: To explore the potential of the deep learning reconstruction (DLR) for ultralow dose calcium scoring CT (CSCT) with simultaneously reduced tube voltage and current.

Methods: In this prospective study, seventy-five patients (group A) undergoing routine dose CSCT (120kVp/30mAs) were followed by a low dose (120kVp/20mAs) scan and another 81 (group B) were followed by an ultralow dose (80kVp/20mAs) scan. The hybrid iterative reconstruction was used for the routine dose data while the DLR for data of reduced dose.

An extraction-free one-pot assay for rapid detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae by combining RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a.

Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant threat to global public health. Traditional clinical diagnostic methods, such as bacterial culture and microscopic identification, are not suitable for point-of-care testing. In response, based on the suboptimal protospacer adjacent motifs, this study develops an extraction-free one-pot assay, named EXORCA (EXtraction-free One-pot RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay), designed for the immediate, sensitive and efficient detection of K.

Entropy-Driven Catalytic G-Quadruple Cycle Amplification Integrated with Ligases for Label-Free Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

G-Quadruplex/thioflavin (G4/THT) has become a very promising label-free fluorescent luminescent element for nucleic acid detection due to its good programmability and compatibility. However, the weak fluorescence efficiency of single-molecule G4/THT limits its potential applications. Here, we developed an entropy-driven catalytic (EDC) G4 (EDC-G4) cycle amplification technology as a universal label-free signal amplification and output system by properly programming classical EDC and G4 backbone sequences, preintegrated ligase chain reaction (LCR) for label-free sensitive detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

G-quadruplex embedded in semi-CHA reaction combined with invasive reaction for label-free detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms.

G-quadruplex/thioflavin T (G4/THT) is one of the ideal label-free fluorescent light-emitting elements in the field of biosensors due to its good programmability and adaptability. However, the unsatisfactory luminous efficiency of single-molecule G4/THT limits its more practical applications. Here, we developed a G4 embedded semi-catalytic hairpin assembly (G4-SCHA) reaction by rationally modifying the traditional CHA reaction, and combined with the invasive reaction, supplemented by magnetic separation technology, for label-free sensitive detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

FCSU-Net: A novel full-scale Cross-dimension Self-attention U-Net with collaborative fusion of multi-scale feature for medical image segmentation.

Recently, ViT and CNNs based on encoder-decoder architecture have become the dominant model in the field of medical image segmentation. However, there are some deficiencies for each of them: (1) It is difficult for CNNs to capture the interaction between two locations with consideration of the longer distance. (2) ViT cannot acquire the interaction of local context information and carries high computational complexity.

Developing Cathode Films for Practical All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The development of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) toward large-scale electrochemical energy storage is driven by the higher specific energies and lower cost in comparison with the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Yet, insufficient mechanistic understanding and quantitative parameters of the key components in sulfur-based cathode hinders the advancement of the ASSLSB technologies. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of electrode parameters, including specific capacity, voltage, S mass loading and S content toward establishing the specific energy (Wh kg) and energy density (Wh L) of the ASSLSBs.

Correlation between clinical characteristics and epicardial adipose tissue features in acute myocarditis patients using coronary computed tomography (CT) vascular imaging: a case-control study with retrospective data collection.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is unique type of visceral adipose tissue, sharing the same microcirculation with myocardium. This study aimed to assess the imaging features of EAT in patients with acute myocarditis (AM) and explore the relationships with clinical characteristics.

Methods: For this retrospective case-control study, totally 38 AM patients and 52 controls were screened retrospectively from January 2019 to December 2022, and the EAT volume was measured from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography imaging.

Hairpin-Empowered Invasive Reaction Combined with Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Cascade Amplification for the Specific Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is widely used in the study of disease-related genes and in the genetic study of animal and plant strains. Therefore, SNP detection is crucial for biomedical diagnosis and treatment as well as for molecular design breeding of animals and plants. In this regard, this article describes a novel technique for detecting SNP using flap endonuclease 1 (FEN 1) as a specific recognition element and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) cascade reaction as a signal amplification strategy.

Double base mismatches mediated catalytic hairpin assembly for enzyme-free single-base mutation detection: integrating signal recognition and amplification in one.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) biosensors are emerging rapidly for their promising applications in human disease prevention diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, it remains a bottleneck in equipping simple and stable biosensors with the traits of high sensitivity, non-enzyme, and low cost. Double base mismatches mediated chain displacement reactions have attracted fascinating advantages of tailorable thermodynamics stability, non-enzyme, and excellent assembly compliance to involvement in SNP identification.

Optimization of Ti-PA efficiently catalytic the alcoholysis of waste PET using response surface methodology.

A new type of titanium phthalate (Ti-PA) catalyst was prepared by exchange method of phthalic acid and isopropyl titanate, which is never been reported before. The Ti-PA catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, TG, Uv-vis, BET, SEM, and EDS. The Ti-PA catalyst shows good catalytic activity in the alcoholysis reaction of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and optimal experimental conditions for the alcoholysis process were optimized by response surface methodology; the Ti-PA catalyst provided a BHET yield of 81.

Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and their combinations in the treatment of IgA nephropathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN), a condition posing a significant threat to public health, currently lacks a specific treatment protocol. Research has underscored the potential benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating IgAN. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of various intervention strategies, such as combining TCM with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), lacks a comprehensive systematic comparison.

Inhibition of SFTSV replication in humanized mice by a subcutaneously administered anti-PD1 nanobody.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening disease caused by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV), mainly transmitted by ticks. With no effective therapies or vaccines available, understanding the disease's mechanisms is crucial. Recent studies found increased expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on dysfunctional T cells in SFTS patients.

A "solo-solvent liquid-phase" method for synthesizing sulfide solid electrolyte LiPSCl.

We report a "solo-solvent liquid-phase" method of synthesizing a highly-favored sulfide electrolyte (LiPSCl) for developing all-solid-state lithium batteries. The key chemistry for such a successful method is that tetrahydropyrrole enables synthesis of the critical precursor LiS from cheap and air-stable precursors of lithium chloride and sodium sulfide.

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of odd-numbered medium-chain fatty acids.

Odd-numbered fatty acids (FAs) have been widely used in nutrition, agriculture, and chemical industries. Recently, some studies showed that they could be produced from bacteria or yeast, but the products are almost exclusively odd-numbered long-chain FAs. Here we report the design and construction of two biosynthetic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of odd-numbered medium-chain fatty acids (OMFAs) via ricinoleic acid and 10-hydroxystearic acid, respectively.

Region-specific alterations in the expression and phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits in the rat prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum accompanying behavioral sensitization induced by cocaine and ethanol.

Behavioral sensitization is defined as the enhanced behavioral response to drugs of abuse after repeated exposure, which can serve as a behavioral model of addiction. Our previous study demonstrated that behavioral cross-sensitization occurs between cocaine and ethanol, suggesting commonalities between these drugs. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play important roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and addiction-associated behaviors.