Bioinformatics Analysis, Expression Profiling, and Functional Characterization of Heat Shock Proteins in .

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play critical roles in regulating different mechanisms under high-temperature conditions. HSPs have been identified and well-studied in different plants. However, there is a lack of information about their genomic organization and roles in medicinal plants and fungi, especially in We identified sixteen heat shock proteins (HSPs) in and analyzed in terms of phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, motif distribution patterns, physiochemical properties, and expression comparison in different strains.

Cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of a candidate Hirudin gene from the salivary gland transcriptome of Hirudo nipponia.

Hirudin is a pharmacologically active substance in leeches with potent blood anticoagulation properties. Although recombinant hirudin production isolated from Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus and Hirudinaria manillensis Lesson is known, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report recombinant hirudin expression and production from Hirudo nipponia Whitman. Thus, the present study aimed to clone and characterize the full-length cDNA of a candidate hirudin gene (c16237_g1), which is localized on the salivary gland transcriptome of H.

Detection of the pathogenic fungus in the soil-rearing environment based on nucleic acid targets.

an entomopathogenic fungus, infects and leads to high mortality of larvae, which die soon after the infection of , usually before the colonization of owing to competitive inhibition and fruiting body formation. Therefore, monitoring in the cultivation environment is critical for minimizing the infection-induced losses. In this study, we initially designed a PCR primer pair (Tar-1F/Tar-1R) through open reading frame prediction and homology comparison of the genome sequence.

Fractal characteristics of overburden fissures in shallow thick coal seam mining in loess gully areas.

The problems of water scarcity and ecological fragility are common in the loess gully area. To research the distribution and evolution of the overburden fissures and quantitatively analyze them have certain theoretical and engineering significance for realizing the evaluation of overburden damage degree and safe and green mining. This paper takes the 6102 working face of Chuancao Gedan Coal Mine as the engineering background.

Study on generation, migration and accumulation of CO in the mining goaf of shallow-buried close distance coal seam group.

There is complex air leakage in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group, which affects the generation and migration of CO in the goaf, and easily leads to exceeding safety limits of CO in the return corner of the working face, which threatens the safety of underground production. To examine this problem, taking Lijiahao Coal Mine as an example, this study analyses the generation law of CO gas, the distribution law of overburden fractures, the characteristics of air leakage in the goaf, the sources of CO in the return corner, and the migration and accumulation law of CO in the goaf under multi-source air leakage in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group through experiment tests, numerical simulations, observations and theoretical analyses. The results indicated that there is an exponential growth relationship between the CO generation rate and the coal temperature, and the critical temperature for rapid oxidation of coal samples is between 70 and 80 °C.

A new pressurization-insulation and pre-sealing system to improve pressure in cubic press from 6 GPa to 12 GPa.

In this paper, a pressurization-insulation and pre-sealing (PIPS) system is designed to increase the cell pressure of the widely used large volume cubic press without sacrificing cell volume. The sample chamber was sandwiched between a pair of tungsten carbide anvils used as the pressurization system. Ultra-high pressure in the cavity was up to about 12 GPa, and the pressure limit had increased by 100% in contrast with that of an anvil-gasket (AG) system.

Culture conditions and nutrition requirements for the mycelial growth of Isaria farinosa (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and the altitude effect on its growth and metabolome.

Isaria farinosa is a pathogen of alpine Thitarodes larvae that are hosts for the Chinese medicinal fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis. A matrix analysis indicated that the optimal culture conditions for the mycelial growth of I. farinosa are a 50-mL liquid broth in a 250-mL flask at more than 100-rpm rotation and 15-25 °C.

Transcriptomic analysis of the salivary gland of medicinal leech Hirudo nipponia.

Hirudo nipponia (known as Shui Zhi in Chinese) is a well-known Chinese medicine with numerous active ingredients in its body, especially in its saliva. This native Chinese blood-sucking leech has been used for therapeutic purposes since before 100 AD. Modern Chinese physicians use it for a wide range of diseases.

[Histological Study on Integumentary and Digestive System of Hirudo nipponica].

Objective: The integumentary and digestive system of Hirudo nipponica were studied,in order to protect the precious Chinese herbal medicine.

Methods: The histological study of integumentary and digestive system of Hirudo nipponica by histological methods were carried out by microscopical method.

Results: The body wall of Hirudo nipponica could be divided into five layers, including cuticular layer, epithelial layer, dermis layer, muscle layer and grape-like tissue.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease Gene (Pr1) from the Medicinal Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes).

In the Chinese caterpillar mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a subtislin-like serine protease (Pr1) is one of the most important enzymes for its infection activity against insect cuticles. The Pr1 gene was isolated from the valuable Chinese medicinal fungus O. sinensis using rapid amplification of 5' and 3' complementary DNA ends.

[Study on Reproductive Performance of Hirudio nipponica].

Objective: To investigate the reproductive performance of Hirudo nipponica under artificial cultivation, in order to provide reference for the commercial rearing and breeding industry of this species.

Methods: The mean number of cocoons, cocoon weight, hatching numbers of cocoons, and the effect of parent leeches weight and density on reproductive performance were investigated.

Results: The mean number of cocoons produced by parent leeches was 0.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Hepialus xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae).

Although Hepialus xiaojinensis is important as the host of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, it remains poorly known especially in genetic structure and phylogeny status. To get a better understanding of it, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of H. xiaojinensis was sequenced for the first time.

Review on Natural Enemies and Diseases in the Artificial Cultivation of Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes).

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis), well known as DongChongXiaCao (DCXC), is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal species. In this article, we provide a systematic review of natural enemies and diseases encountered in artificial cultivation of DCXC.

Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of bioactive extracts from Antrodia camphorata mycelia.

Background: Antrodia camphorata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of liver diseases and cancers. Anti-inflammatory properties have also been described. HSV infection represents one of the most serious public health concerns globally because of its devastating impact.

[Effect of wound to growth of larva of host to Ophiocordyceps sinensis during artificial breeding].

To clear the effect of the wound to the growth of the larva of the host to the Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the wounds of same severity at the same position were made artificially to the larva and which were artificial fed at the same environment and condition. The results indicated that, over the winter, the survival rate of the wounded of the infection larva was lower than that of the healthy larva, but the weight had no significant difference between the wounded and the healthy larva. The survival rate of the wounded of the no infection larva was lower than that of the healthy larva, but except with black skin, the wounded larva with offwhite and dusty red had no influence on the variety of the weight.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Hepialus gonggaensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), the host insect of Ophiocordyceps sinensis.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Hepialus gonggaensis was sequenced for the first time. The complete mtDNA sequence was 15,940 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an AT-rich region, the gene composition and the arrangement of which were identical to other insects of Hepialidae. The overall base composition of the heavy strand was 41.

[Expression of subtilisin-like protease gene from Hirsutella sinensis before and after infecting Hepialus gonggaensis].

To address the role of Pr1 gene in the process of Hirsutella sinensis infecting Hepialus gonggaensis, differential expression of subtilisin-like protease gene was detected. In the present study, Pr1 gene analogues from H. sinensis were obtained by PCR strategy using specific primers designed from conserved regions of Pr1 gene reported in the GenBank.

[Relevance analysis of amino acid contents in cultivated Cordyceps and cultivation materials].

Objective: To clarify the relevance of amino acid content in cultivated Cordyceps and cultivation materials.

Method: The content of amino acid was determined with L-8800 amino acid analyzer, and the relevance of amino acid content was analyzed with SPSS.

Result And Conclusion: Except mycelium of the C.

[Study on biological character of Hepialus introduced from Yunnan province].

Objective: To study the biological character of Hepialus introduced from Yunnan province.

Method: H. jianchuanensis introduced from Yunnan was bred artificially to observe its biological character.

[Effects of integrated pest control techniques to growth of host larvae Cordyceps sinensis].

Unlabelled: To study the effects of the integrated pest control techniques on growth of host larvae of Cordyceps sinensis.

Method: The integrated pest control techniques were compared with conventional techniques to evaluate the effects on growth of host larvae.

Result And Conclusion: The results showed that the techniques had broken the balance of the microbial living in the material, produced effective inhibition on the pests, raised the survival rate and promoted the growth of the host larvae at the same time.

[Effects of slow release-fertilizers on yield, nutrient contents and quality of Coptis chinensis].

Objective: To study the effects of four kind of slow-release fertilizers on yield and quality of Coptis chinensis.

Method: One to three years C. chinensis was fertilized with slow-release fertilizers twice in April and in September.

[Analysis of the bacterial diversity in intestines of Hepialus gonggaensis larvae].

Objective: We investigated the intestinal microbial diversity in the larval gut of Hepialus gonggaensis, an economically important insect.

Methods: We used morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA analysis method, and the molecular method of PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis based on the sequence of 16S rRNA V3 region gene.

Results: By the traditional isolation method, 8 genera of bacteria were identified from 11 isolated bacterial populations.

[Dynamic change of soluble saccharides and amino acids during the growing period of Coptis chinensis].

Objective: To study the changes of soluble saccharides and amino acids during the growing period of Coptis chinensis.

Method: Amino acid contents were estimated by Indene tri-ketone colorimetric method; saccharide contents were determined by anthracene ketone method.

Result And Conclusion: The contents of soluble saccharides and amino acids in different organs were low in plants of 1-2 years old.

[Preliminary studies on the nutrient characters of different kinds of Chinese goldthread soil].

Objective: To study the changes of nutrient contents in Chinese goldthread soil before and after planting Coptis chinensis.

Method: The soil in Shizhu, Chongqing, was analyzed for nutrient contents.

Result And Conclusion: The results indicated that the preplanted soil was strongly acidic and the levels of organic matter, total nitrogen and potassium were high.

[Quality assessment of Coptis chinensis in China].

Objective: To study the dynamic change of the ingredients of Coptis chinensis and evaluate the quality of the crude drugs from main producing areas.

Method: The ingredients of samples from Shizhu and Wuxi counties in Chongqing, Hongya and Dayi counties in Sichuan, Zhenping county in Shanxi, Lichuan county in Hubei were analyzed for berberine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and the total alkaloids by HPLC and UV methods.

Result And Conclusion: The contents of measured indexes were mostly highest in 5-years-old C.