Clinical combined PET/CT radiomics model prediction of benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer.

Objective: To develop and validate a clinical combined radiomics model for predicting the treatment response and long-term survival prognosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, as well as survival outcomes following chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 98 SCLC patients treated with platinum-based first-line chemotherapy were included in this study. Five prediction models for assessing the short-term efficacy of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy were developed using a logistic regression algorithm.

A WRKY transcription factor confers broad-spectrum resistance to biotic stresses and yield stability in rice.

Plants are subject to attack by diverse pests and pathogens. Few genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance to both insects and pathogens have been identified. Because of the growth-defense tradeoff, it is often challenging to balance biotic stress resistance and yield for crops.

SHORT INTERNODE1 regulates the activity of MADS transcription factors during rice floral organ development.

Floral organ identity is fundamental to species diversity and reproductive success in plants and is mainly determined by the combinatorial action of MADS homeotic factors. However, despite their conserved roles in specifying floral organ identity, the regulation of MADS transcription factors remains elusive. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa L.

Ceramides increase mitochondrial permeabilization to trigger mtDNA-dependent inflammation in astrocytes during brain ischemia.

The brain is rich in lipids, and disorders or abnormalities in lipid metabolism can induce neurotoxicity. Ceramides are the central intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism. This study was designed to investigate the potential lipotoxicity of ceramides in brain ischemia.

SMALL AND ROUND GRAIN is involved in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway which regulates grain size in rice.

Grain size is a key determinant of 1,000-grain weight, one of three factors determining grain yield. However, the complete regulatory network controlling grain size has not been fully clarified. Here, we identified a rice mutant, named small and round grain (srg) that exhibits semi-dwarf stature and small grain size.

Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: an umbrella review and meta-analysis.

There are several meta-analyses about the comparison of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus entecavir (ETV) for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection published in recent years. However, the conclusions vary considerably. This umbrella review aims to consolidate evidence from various systematic reviews to evaluate differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevention between two drugs.

New Strategy for Microbial Corrosion Protection: Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Quantum Dots.

Microbial corrosion has significant implications for the economy, environment, and human safety worldwide. Photocatalytic antibacterial technology, owing to its advantages in environmental protection, broad-spectrum, and efficient sterilization, presents a compelling alternative to traditional antibacterial strategies for microbial corrosion protection. In recent years, photocatalytic quantum dot materials have garnered considerable attention in this field due to their unique quantum effects.

Discovery and Validation of Potential Serum Biomarkers for Heart Failure by Untargeted Metabolomics.

Detection of biomarkers was extremely important for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy optimization of diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in serum metabolites between patients with heart failure (HF) and healthy control (HC) and to diagnose HF qualitatively. In this study, serum samples from 83 patients with HF and 35 HCs were used as the research subjects for untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultraperformance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) technology.

Surfactin's impact on gut microbiota and intestinal tumor cells.

Surfactin exhibits multifunctional properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities, positioning it as a promising novel food additive. However, its specific effects on the gut environment remain largely unexplored. To investigate this, we conducted in vitro fermentation simulations to assess the impact of surfactin on gut microbiota.

Influence of ultrafast laser processing on amorphous structures - based on molecular dynamics simulation.

Ultrafast laser processing technology exhibits exceptional precision and irreplaceable functionality in the fabrication of micron and nanometer-scale devices. However, its short action time presents challenges for observing and studying the interactions between ultrafast lasers and materials. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to specifically investigate the application of ultrafast laser processing in treating amorphous structural defects on Ni-Fe alloy surfaces.

A top-down slow breathing circuit that alleviates negative affect in mice.

Although breathing is primarily automatic, its modulation by behavior and emotions suggests cortical inputs to brainstem respiratory networks, which hitherto have received little characterization. Here we identify in mice a top-down breathing pathway from dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) neurons to pontine reticular nucleus GABAergic inhibitory neurons (PnC), which then project to the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). dACC→PnC activity correlates with slow breathing cycles and volitional orofacial behaviors and is influenced by anxiogenic conditions.

Identification of a novel locus qGW12/OsPUB23 regulating grain shape and weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Key message A major quantitative trait locus (qGW12) for grain shape and weight has been isolated in rice, corresponding to LOC_Os12g17900/OsPUB23, and its encoded protein interacts with OsMADS1. Grain shape in rice is an important trait that influences both yield and quality. The primary determinants of grain shape are quantitative trait loci (QTLs) inherited from natural variation in crops.

The protective effect of specific yolk antibody against nervous necrosis virus infection in Mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi).

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a member of the Nodavirus genus, is a highly contagious disease that is found all over the world. As of right now, there aren't many reliable commercial vaccines available to combat this infection. In a previous study, we isolated a Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)-derived NNV strain, tentatively named MFNNV.

Information seeking and subsequent affective well-being in Chinese young adults: the mediating effects of worry.

Objective: This study aimed to unravel micro-processes that link information seeking to subsequent affective well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect) at the within-person level, as well as the role of worry as a mediator in this relationship.

IL-21- and CXCL9-engineered GPC3-specific CAR-T cells combined with PD-1 blockade enhance cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular carcinoma.

The application of CAR-T cells in solid tumors poses several challenges, including poor T cell homing ability, limited infiltration of T cells and an immunosuppressive tumor environment. In this study, we developed a novel approach to address these obstacles by designing GPC3-specific CAR-T cell that co-express IL-21 and CXCL9 (21 × 9 GPC3 CAR-T cells) and blocking the PD-1 expression on it. The proliferation, cell phenotype, cytokine secretion and cell migration of indicated CAR-T cells were evaluated in vitro.

Baitouweng decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating tryptophan metabolism through DOPA decarboxylase promotion.

Background: Baitouweng decoction (BTW) is a classic botanical drugs formula that has been widely used clinically for the treatment of gut-related disorders in China. However, its role in ameliorating ulcerative colitis (UC) remains to be explored.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of action of BTW on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice.

Safety, efficacy, and survival outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Backgrounds: There is little evidence on the safety, efficacy, and survival benefit of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with cancer after discontinuation due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or progressive disease (PD). Here, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the possible benefits of ICI rechallenge in patients with cancer.

Methods: Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases.

Enhanced antibacterial and corrosion resistance of copper-containing 2205 duplex stainless steel against the corrosive bacterium Shewanella algae.

2205 DSS is an excellent corrosion-resistant engineering metal material, but it is still threatened by microbiological corrosion. The addition of copper elements is a new approach to improving the resistance of 2205 DSS to microbiological corrosion. In this study, 2205-Cu DSS was compared with 2205 DSS to study its antimicrobial properties and resistance to microbiological corrosion in the presence of the electroactive bacterium Shewanella algae.

OsSRF8 interacts with OsINP1 and OsDAF1 to regulate pollen aperture formation in rice.

In higher plants, mature male gametophytes have distinct apertures. After pollination, pollen grains germinate, and a pollen tube grows from the aperture to deliver sperm cells to the embryo sac, completing fertilization. In rice, the pollen aperture has a single-pore structure with a collar-like annulus and a plug-like operculum.