PAX6 promotes neuroendocrine phenotypes of prostate cancer via enhancing MET/STAT5A-mediated chromatin accessibility.

Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subset of prostate cancer which is characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation and loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Growing evidence reveals that cell lineage plasticity is crucial in the failure of NEPC therapies. Although studies suggest the involvement of the neural transcription factor PAX6 in drug resistance, its specific role in NEPC remains unclear.

Taurine Inhibits Ferroptosis Mediated by the Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an essential role in tumor therapeutic resistance. Although the lethal effect of ferroptosis on tumor cells is well reported, how TAMs inhibit the effect of ferroptosis in tumors has not been clearly defined. In this study, it is demonstrated that TAM-secreted taurine suppresses ferroptosis in prostate cancer (PCa) by activating the Liver X receptor alpha/Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (LXRα/SCD1) pathway.

Blockade of adenosine A receptor alleviates cognitive dysfunction after chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia in mice.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is widely known for its multiple systems damage, especially neurocognitive deficits in children. Since their discovery, adenosine A receptors (ARs) have been considered as key elements in signaling pathways mediating neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's, as well as cognitive function regulation. Herein, we investigated AR role in cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).

Case Report: CNNM2 Mutations Cause Damaged Brain Development and Intractable Epilepsy in a Patient Without Hypomagnesemia.

A series of neurological manifestations such as intellectual disability and epilepsy are closely related to hypomagnesemia. Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) proteins, as a member of magnesium (Mg) transporters, were found along the basolateral membrane of distal renal tubules and involved in the reabsorption of Mg. Homozygous and heterozygous variants in reported so far were responsible for a variable degree of hypomagnesemia, several of which also showed varying degrees of neurological phenotypes such as intellectual disability and epilepsy.