Actual incidence of severe neonatal hypoglycemia in non-risk term neonates: A 10 year survey of all cases in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Background: Severe neonatal hypoglycemia may cause irreversible neurological sequelae. Although blood glucose (BG) screening in term neonates without risk factors for hypoglycemia (non-risk neonates) is not recommended in the current guidelines, severe hypoglycemia can occur in such neonates. To evaluate the necessity of BG screening in non-risk neonates, it is important to determine the accurate incidence of severe hypoglycemia in those neonates.

Exclusive breast-feeding and postnatal changes in blood sodium, ketone, and glucose levels.

Background: Blood sodium and ketone are parameters of dehydration and fasting, respectively. Little is known, however, about the postnatal changes in these parameters in healthy, term, exclusively breast-fed neonates.

Methods: Capillary blood sodium, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), and glucose levels in 628 samples obtained from 392 healthy, term, exclusively breast-fed neonates during the first 12-143 h of life were examined.

Fetal closed head injuries following maternal motor vehicle accident: A clinicopathologic case report.

Rationale: The clinicopathologic appearance of fetal closed head injury (FCHI) due to a maternal motor vehicle accident has not been fully investigated because of its extreme rarity.

Patients Concern: A 22-year-old woman at 31 weeks of gestation was riding in the front passenger seat of a car, and another rightward-turning car struck the right side of her vehicle.

Diagnosis: Uterine injury with placental abruption was strongly suspected.

Clinically diverse phenotypes and genotypes of patients with branchio-oto-renal syndrome.

Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by branchiogenic anomalies, hearing loss, and renal anomalies. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical phenotypes and their causative genes in Japanese BOR patients. Patients clinically diagnosed with BOR syndrome were analyzed by direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Capillary Blood Ketone Levels as an Indicator of Inadequate Breast Milk Intake in the Early Neonatal Period.

Objective: To determine the utility of capillary blood ketone levels as an indicator of inadequate intake of breast milk in the early postnatal period.

Study Design: Levels of capillary blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), the main ketone body in the blood, were measured with a bedside ketone meter in 585 full-term neonates aged 48-95 hours who were breastfed exclusively. Relationships between weight-loss percentage, blood sodium, glucose, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, base-deficit levels, and βOHB levels were investigated.

Virus myocarditis in a 1-month-old boy presenting as two types of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Herein we describe the case of a 1-month-old boy with acute viral myocarditis, who presented with two kinds of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and who was cured after medical treatment. He was brought to the emergency room with poor feeding due to fever. On the third day of hospitalization, a narrow QRS tachycardia (180-200 beats/min) was detected.

Left atrium thrombus in an extremely low-birthweight infant with late-onset circulatory dysfunction.

A left atrium thrombus, potentially a life-threatening complication, is an extremely rare in early infancy. Most cases are caused by mal-placement of central venous catheters or related to congenital heart diseases with left atrial blood congestion. Here we present an extremely low birth weight infant who developed a left atrial thrombus during the course of late onset circulatory dysfunction.

Annexin A2 in amniotic fluid: correlation with histological chorioamnionitis, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and subsequent preterm delivery.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid levels of annexin A2, a phospholipid-binding protein that is abundant in amnion and regulates fibrin homeostasis, are associated with histological chorioamnionitis, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, and subsequent preterm delivery.

Materials And Methods: Amniotic fluid was obtained from 55 pregnant women with preterm labor and/or preterm premature rupture of the membranes before 32weeks of gestation, and amniotic fluid levels of annexin A2 were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Amniotic fluid levels of annexin A2 in patients with histological chorioamnionitis was higher than that in the remainder (P=0.

Commotio Cordis presenting as a temporary complete atrioventricular block in a 2-year-old girl with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

This report describes a 2-year-old girl with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) who presented with transient complete atrioventricular (AV) block after a mild chest blow. Running around the house with her older sister, she fell to the floor. Her sister also fell and landed on her.

A role for IL-17 in induction of an inflammation at the fetomaternal interface in preterm labour.

Chorioamnionitis (CAM) is a major cause of preterm delivery. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of preterm delivery. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a key cytokine which induces inflammation and is critical to host defense.