Large-scale purification of mitochondrial protein complexes in yeast expression system for structural analyses.

Recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy techniques have facilitated intensive research into determining protein structures. Nevertheless, the structures of some mitochondrial membrane protein complexes remain undetermined. One possible reason for this research gap is that mitochondrial membrane protein complexes are difficult to overexpress and purify.

Carcinosarcoma, an atypical subset of gallbladder malignancies.

Carcinosarcoma represents an atypical subset of gallbladder malignancies, and sonographic imaging features have not yet been precisely defined. Previously reported cases have shown a heterogeneously echogenic solid mass protruding into and filling the gallbladder lumen. We present herein a case of carcinosarcoma and propose another finding suggestive of this tumor.

Efficient pyrrole synthesis using double nucleophilic addition to alpha,beta-unsaturated imines with plural nucleophiles.

[reaction: see text] 2,3,5-Trisubstituted pyrroles were prepared in a regioselective manner using the double nucleophilic addition of alpha,alpha-dialkoxy ketene silyl acetals and ketene sily thioacetals or trimethylsilyl cyanide to alpha,beta-unsaturated imines followed by acid-promoted cyclization and oxidation with DDQ. Using this methodology an imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase inhibitor (IGPDI) possessing a monopyrrole aldehyde moiety was synthesized.