Chronic sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole inhibits growth and development by disrupting the sugar and fatty acid metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Chlorantraniliprole is extensively utilized for managing lepidopteran pests, such as Spodoptera frugiperda. However, its long-lasting residual effects and extended half-life result in prolonged exposure of target insects to low dose insecticide, leading to sublethal effects. This study investigates the sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on the growth and development, reproductive capacity, population parameters, nutritional indicators, and sugar-lipid metabolism in S.

Effects of copper-based fungicides on the growth and tolerance of Helicoverpa armigera: implications for pest management.

Heavy metal pollution, particularly from copper (Cu)-based fungicides, has emerged as a major environmental issue. The extensive and frequent use of these fungicides in agriculture, coupled with their persistent residues on plant surfaces, necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of their effects on surrounding organisms. This study specifically targets Helicoverpa armigera larvae to systematically evaluate changes in their viability and ecological fitness in response to excessive Cu exposure by simulating field-relevant dosages of Cu-containing fungicides.

PKC phospho-activated PFK1 is required for PBAN regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera.

The enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) acts as the primary rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This glycolytic process provides essential substrates for the synthesis of sex pheromones. However, the specific function of PFK1 in sex pheromone biosynthesis remains unidentified.

Insecticide chlorfenapyr confers induced toxicity in human cells through mitochondria-dependent pathways of apoptosis.

Pesticides are always used in the environment, the unexpected effects of pesticides on the environment and non-target organisms need to be continuously studied. Insecticide chlorfenapyr (Chl) is widely used in agriculture and also recommended for public health use (e.g.

V-ATPase C Acts as a Receptor for Cry2Ab and Enhances Cry2Ab Toxicity to .

Cry2Ab is a significant alternative () protein utilized for managing insect resistance to Cry1 toxins and broadening the insecticidal spectrum of crops containing two or more genes. Unfortunately, the identified receptors fail to fully elucidate the mechanism of action underlying Cry2Ab. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of vacuolar H-ATPase subunits A, B, and E (V-ATPase A, B, and E) in insecticidal activities.

PBAN regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis by Ca/CaN/ACC and Ca/PKC/HK2 signal pathways in Spodoptera litura.

Sex pheromones emitted by female moths play important roles in mate attraction. The molecular mechanism underlying pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN)-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis has been well elucidated in many moth species, although this mechanism is species-dependent. Spodoptera litura, an important pest, has caused serious economic losses to agricultural production, yet the mechanism for its sex pheromone biosynthesis has not been fully identified.

Death-Associated LIM-Only Protein Reduces Cry1Ac Toxicity by Sequestration of Cry1Ac Protoxin and Activated Toxin in .

The extensive use of (Bt) in pest management has driven the evolution of pest resistance to Bt toxins, particularly Cry1Ac. Effective management of Bt resistance necessitates a good understanding of which pest proteins interact with Bt toxins. In this study, we screened a larval midgut cDNA library and captured 208 potential Cry1Ac-interacting proteins.

Balancing metabolism and reproduction.

The bacterium responsible for a disease that infects citrus plants across Asia facilitates its own proliferation by increasing the fecundity of its host insect.

Juvenile Hormone Involved in the Defensive Behaviors of Soldiers in Termite .

Eusocial insects have evolved specific defensive strategies to protect their colonies. In termite colonies, soldiers perform a colony-level defense by displaying mechanical biting, head-banging and mandible opening-closing behaviors. However, few studies have been reported on the factors modulating defensive behaviors in termites.

Evolutionary analysis and biological characterization of a novel alphabaculovirus isolated from .

Baculoviruses are insect-specific pathogens. Novel baculovirus isolates provide new options for the biological control of pests. Therefore, research into the biological characteristics of newly isolated baculoviruses, including accurate classification and nomenclature, is important.

V-ATPase E mediates Cry2Ab binding and toxicity in Helicoverpa armigera.

Cry2Ab is one of the important alternative Bt proteins that can be used to manage insect pests resistant to Cry1A toxins and to expand the insecticidal spectrum of pyramided Bt crops. Previous studies have showed that vacuolar H-ATPase subunits A and B (V-ATPase A and B) may be involved in Bt insecticidal activities. The present study investigated the role of V-ATPases subunit E in the toxicity of Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa amigera.

Improved effects of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus integrated with Campoletis chlorideae against H. armigera and impact of the virus on the parasitoid.

Background: Combined use can be an effective measure to improve pest control by viruses and parasitic wasps. However, not all combinations of natural enemies show improved effects. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) and Campoletis chlorideae Uchida are two important natural enemies of Helicoverpa armigera.

Sugar starvation activates the OsSnRK1a-OsbHLH111/OsSGI1-OsTPP7 module to mediate growth inhibition of rice.

Sugar deficiency is the persistent challenge for plants during development. Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is recognized as a key regulator in balancing plant sugar homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sugar starvation limits plant development are unclear.

Rearing Host Dependency of Ovariole Number and Body Size in Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

has great biocontrol potential against some major noctuid pests. In order to achieve the commercial development and utilization of , this study focused on the effect of rearing host species and larval instars on the ovariole number and body size of this wasp. Firstly, the morphology of the reproductive system and ovarioles of female wasps were observed.

ATP Synthase Subunit α from Acts as a Receptor of Cry1Ac and Synergizes Cry1Ac Toxicity.

Insect resistance to (Bt) toxins has led to an urgent need to explore the insecticidal mechanisms of Bt. Previous studies indicated that ATP synthase subunit α (HaATPs-α) is involved in Cry1Ac resistance. In this study, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that -α expression was significantly reduced in the Cry1Ac-resistant strain (BtR).

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to in Lepidopteran Pests.

() is the safest, economically successful entomopathogen to date. It is extensively produced in transgenic crops or used in spray formulations to control Lepidopteran pests. The most serious threat to the sustainable usage of is insect resistance.

Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of Two Serotonin Type 7 Receptor Isoforms from .

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neuroactive molecule, as neurotransmitters regulate various biological functions in vertebrates and invertebrates by binding and activating specific 5-HT receptors. The pharmacology and tissue distribution of 5-HT receptors have been investigated in several model insects, and these receptors are recognized as potential insecticide targets. However, little is known about the pharmacological characterization of the 5-HT receptors in important agricultural pests.

Cyclosporin A acts as a novel insecticide against Cry1Ac-susceptible and -resistant Helicoverpa armigera.

Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is an economically important pest, which is difficult to manage due to its biological and ecological traits, and resistance to most insecticides. Alternative compounds for the sustainable management of H. armigera are needed.

Sublethal Effects of Thiamethoxam on Biological Traits and Detoxification Enzyme Activities in the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén).

The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an important agricultural pest of rice, and neonicotinoid insecticides are commonly used for controlling L. striatellus. However, the sublethal effects of thiamethoxam on L.

The uncommon function and mechanism of the common enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the metamorphosis of .

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a key enzyme in glycolysis, is commonly used as an internal reference gene in humans, mice, and insects. However, the function of GAPDH in insect development, especially in metamorphosis, has not been reported. In the present study, and ovarian cell lines (Sf9 cells) were used as materials to study the function and molecular mechanism of GAPDH in larval metamorphosis.

Cyclosporin A as a Potential Insecticide to Control the Asian Corn Borer Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The long-term use of chemical insecticides has caused serious problems of insect resistance and environmental pollution; new insecticides are needed to solve this problem. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a polypeptide produced by many fungi, which is used to prevent or treat immune rejection during organ transplantation. However, little is known about the utility of CsA as an insecticide.

Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling .

The fall armyworm (FAW), , causes substantial annual agricultural production losses worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, new insecticides are urgently needed to more effectively control FAW. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi; little is known about its insecticidal activity, especially for the control of FAW.

Application progress of plant-mediated RNAi in pest control.

RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides are novel biologic products, developed using RNAi principles. They are engineered to target genes of agricultural diseases, insects, and weeds, interfering with their target gene expression so as to hinder their growth and alleviate their damaging effects on crops. RNAi-based biopesticides are broadly classified into resistant plant-based plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) and non-plant-incorporated protectants.