Hyperaccumulator extracts promoting the phytoremediation of rare earth elements (REEs) by Phytolacca americana: Role of active microbial community in rhizosphere hotspots.

The increased usage of rare earth elements (REEs) leads to the extensive exploitation of rare earth mines, and the REEs pollution in soil caused by the legacy mine tailings has brought great harm to environment and human health. Although Phytolacca americana can remove REEs from contaminated soil to some extent, there is still an urgent problem to improve its efficiency. Hyperaccumulator extract is a new organic material with potential in metal phytoextraction, but its role in REEs phytoremediation and the related underlying processes remain unclear.

The translocation and fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) via the phloem in Phytolacca americana L.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered to be emerging contaminants due to their widespread use and lack of recycling. Phytolacca americana L. has great potential for REEs phytoextraction.

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Adsorption and Detoxification Mechanisms in Cell Wall Polysaccharides of L.

The cell wall (CW) is critical for the accumulation of heavy metals in metal-tolerant plants. Polysaccharides, the main component of the CW, contribute significantly to the immobilization of heavy metals. However, the mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) adsorption and detoxification by polysaccharides in the cell walls of L.

Does capitation prepayment based Integrated County Healthcare Consortium affect inpatient distribution and benefits in Anhui Province, China? An interrupted time series analysis.

Objective: This study aims to compare the level and trend changes of inpatient and funds distribution, as well as inpatient benefits before and after the official operation of the ICHC in Anhui.

Methods: A total of 1,013,815 inpatient cases were collected from the hospitalisation database in two counties in Anhui Province, China, during the course of the study from January 2014 to June 2017. The effect of the reform was assessed beginning with its formal operation in February 2016.

Distribution of the Indicator of the Appropriate Admission of Patients with Circulatory System Diseases to County Hospitals in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The inappropriate admission of patients with circulatory system diseases (CSDs) have contributed to the rapid increase in hospitalisation rates in China. The purpose of this study is to identify the key indicators of appropriate admission and their distribution by analysing CSD cases. A total of 794 records of inpatient CSD cases were collected from county hospitals in five counties in midwestern rural China through stratified random sampling and evaluated by using the Rural Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (RAEP).

Effect of an Integrated Payment System on the Direct Economic Burden and Readmission of Rural Cerebral Infarction Inpatients: Evidence from Anhui, China.

Rural China is piloting an integrated payment system, which prepays a budget to a medical alliance rather than a single hospital. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this reform on the direct economic burden and readmission rates of cerebral infarction inpatients. The settlement records of 78,494 cerebral infarction inpatients were obtained from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) database in Dingyuan and Funan Counties in the Anhui Province.

Determinants of inappropriate admission of elderly people in county-level hospitals: a cross-sectional study in rural China.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics and determinants of inappropriate admission to hospital of elderly people in rural China.

Design: A cross-sectional study of a comparison between the elderly and non-elderly groups of people.

Setting: The survey was conducted on the largest county-level general hospitals in four counties in central and western China.

Is There a Difference in the Utilisation of Inpatient Services Between Two Typical Payment Methods of Health Insurance? Evidence from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in China.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the differences between two typical payment methods for the new rural cooperative medical scheme (NRCMS) in China on the utilisation of inpatient services. Interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to measure the difference between two typical payment methods for the NRCMS with regard to the utilisation of inpatient services. After the reform was formally implemented, the level and slope difference after reform compared with pre-intervention (distribution of inpatients in county hospitals (DIC), distribution of inpatients in township hospitals (DIT) and the actual compensation ratio of inpatients (ARCI)) were not statistically significant.

Effect of inappropriate admissions on hospitalization performance in county hospitals: a cross-sectional study in rural China.

Background: Inappropriate admissions cause excessive utilization of health services compared with outpatient services. However, it is still unclear whether inappropriate admissions cause excessive use of health services compared with appropriate admissions. This study aims to clarify the differences in the hospitalization performances between appropriately admitted inpatients and inappropriately admitted inpatients.

Effect of integrated urban and rural residents medical insurance on the utilisation of medical services by residents in China: a propensity score matching with difference-in-differences regression approach.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of urban and rural resident medical insurance scheme (URRMI) on the utilisation of medical services by urban and rural residents in the four pilot provinces.

Setting And Participants: The sample used in this study is 13 305 individuals, including 2620 in the treatment group and 10 685 in the control group, from the 2011 and 2015 surveys of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Outcome Measures: Propensity score matching and difference-in-differences regression approach (PSM-DID) is used in the study.

Determinants of inappropriate admissions of children to county hospitals: a cross-sectional study from rural China.

Background: The incidence of inappropriate admissions in China has become the shackle of its' service supply system. This research aims to assess the level of children's inappropriate admissions to county hospitals in rural China and identify the characteristics and determinants of children's inappropriate admissions.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on data of children aged 0-14 years.

Does County-Level Medical Centre Policy Influence the Health Outcomes of Patients with Trauma Transported by the Emergency Medical Service System? An Integrated Emergency Model in Rural China.

This study aimed to assess the effect of the county-level medical centre policy on the health outcomes of trauma patients transported by emergency medical service (EMS) system in rural China. The methodology involved the use of electronic health records (EHRs, after 2016) of patients with trauma conditions such as head injury ( = 1931), chest (back) injury ( = 466), abdominal (waist) injury ( = 536), and limb injury ( = 857) who were transported by EMS to the county-level trauma centres of Huining County and Huan County in Gansu, China. Each patient was matched with a counterpart to a county-level trauma centre hospital by propensity score matching.

Changes in inpatients' distribution and benefits under institution level-based quota payment for specific diseases in rural China: An interrupted time-series analysis.

The distribution of patients is increasingly disordered in China, which leads to the waste of medical resources, increase in inpatients' economic burden, and decrease in benefits from health insurance. Institution level-based quota payment for specific diseases represents a typical payment-system reform mode in rural China that rationalizes the distribution of rural inpatients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this mode by estimating rural inpatients' distribution among hospitals at different levels, per capita cost of hospitalization, and actual compensation ratio and then to provide suggestions to advance this mode.

Effectiveness evaluation of quota payment for specific diseases under global budget: a typical provider payment system reform in rural China.

Background: Quota payment for specific diseases under global budget is one of the most typical modes of provider payment system reform in rural China. This study aimed to assess this reform mode from aspects of the total fee, structure of the fee and enrollees' benefits.

Methods: A total of 127,491 inpatient records from 2014 to 2016 were extracted from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) database in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province.