Revolutionizing superhighway traffic board lighting with remote LED spotlights.

In this paper, we present a groundbreaking approach to enhance the illumination of traffic boards along superhighways, addressing significant challenges associated with conventional lighting systems. Our innovative method revolves around the strategic placement of remote spotlights at the side of the roadway to illuminate traffic signs equipped with retroreflector film (RTRF). The essence of our approach lies in remote illumination, which requires meticulous adjustment of the divergence angle of the spotlights to match the size of the signs and their distance from the projection source.

Transient Ruddlesden-Popper-Type Defects and Their Influence on Grain Growth and Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Solid Electrolyte.

Lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) perovskite is one of the most promising electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries, but its performance is limited by the presence of grain boundaries (GBs). The fraction of GBs can be significantly reduced by the preparation of coarse-grained LLTO ceramics. In this work, we describe an alternative approach to the fabrication of ceramics with large LLTO grains based on self-seeded grain growth.

Thermal Recovery of the Electrochemically Degraded LiCoO/LiLaZrO:Al,Ta Interface in an All-Solid-State Lithium Battery.

All-solid-state lithium batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. Their performance critically depends on the capacity and cycling stability of the cathodic layer. Cells with a garnet LiLaZrO (LLZO) electrolyte can show high areal storage capacity.

Study of banana preservation extension by UVC radiation in precise monitoring LED irradiation cavity.

Ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation has been considered a possible option to alleviate the seriousness of black spots on bananas during preservation which help increase economic efficiency. In this study, using 275 nm UVC light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a preliminary cavity with dimensions of 30 × 30 × 30 cm was designed and fabricated to aid in reducing black spots on bananas with the aim of application in the factory conveyor belts. The UVC irradiance distribution was thoroughly monitored for many sections at different box heights in both simulation and measurement, with a dominant range of 6-9 W/m in the middle.

Active thermal-fuse for stopping blue light leakage of white light-emitting diodes driven by constant current.

In this study, we proposed and demonstrated a circuit design for solving problems related to blue light leakage (e.g., eye damage) when phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pcW-LEDs) overheat.

GaN-based mini-LED matrix applied to multi-functional forward lighting.

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate to use of a single reflector with 68 segments to project vehicle low beam and high beam with the use of a GaN-based mini-LED matrix, which is a 5 × 6 LED die array. The design of the reflector is based on light field technology in considering etendue from the light source across the segments. The group of the segments with smaller etendue from the LED dies in the bottom 2 rows are used to project low beams.

Study of LiCoO/LiLaZrO:Ta Interface Degradation in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

The garnet-type LiLaZrO (LLZO) ceramic solid electrolyte combines high Li-ion conductivity at room temperature with high chemical stability. Several all-solid-state Li batteries featuring the LLZO electrolyte and the LiCoO (LCO) or LiCoO-LLZO composite cathode were demonstrated. However, all batteries exhibit rapid capacity fading during cycling, which is often attributed to the formation of cracks due to volume expansion and the contraction of LCO.

Exploring Dielectric Constant and Dissipation Factor of LTCC Using Machine Learning.

Low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCCs) have been attracting attention due to rapid advances in wireless telecommunications. Low-dielectric-constant () and low-dissipation-factor () LTCCs enable a low propagation delay and high signal quality. However, the wide ranges of glass, ceramic filler compositions, and processing features in fabricating LTCC make property modulating difficult via experimental trial-and-error approaches.

Single reflector design for integrated low/high beam meeting multiple regulations with light field management.

This paper proposed an effective multi-objective design procedure, called light field management, for a single multi-segment reflector that can simultaneously project low beams and high beams for bicycle and e-bike applications. Furthermore, two different regulations can be met, including the K-mark and the ECE Class B regulations. Through light field management, the etendue and flux density of each segment can be effectively managed, so that the design successfully meets the multiple regulations.

Charge-Transfer Kinetics of the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on Li Ti O Thin-Film Electrodes.

Invited for this month's cover are the groups of Shih-kang Lin at the National Cheng Kung University and Takeshi Abe at Kyoto University. The image shows how interfacial chemistry design can play a role in unlocking higher-energy-density and fast-charging Li Ti O -based lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle applications. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.

Charge-Transfer Kinetics of The Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on Li Ti O Thin-Film Electrodes.

Charge-transfer kinetics between electrodes and electrolytes critically determines the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium titanate defect spinel (Li Ti O , LTO) is a safe and durable anode material, but its relatively low energy density limits the range of applications. Utilizing the low potential region of LTO is a straightforward strategy for increasing energy density.

Defects in LiTiO induced by carbon deposition: an analysis of unidentified bands in Raman spectra.

Lithium titanate (LiTiO, LTO) has already occupied its niche as an anode material for high-power and long-lifespan lithium batteries, but some novel directions for basic and applied research are still open. One of the most promising approaches in improving its properties, e.g.

Using the high-temperature phase transition of iron sulfide minerals as an indicator of fault slip temperature.

The transformation of pyrite into pyrrhotite above 500 °C was observed in the Chelungpu fault zone, which formed as a result of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Similarly, pyrite transformation to pyrrhotite at approximately 640 °C was observed during the Tohoku earthquake in Japan. In this study, we investigated the high-temperature phase-transition of iron sulfide minerals (greigite) under anaerobic conditions.

A Computational Thermodynamics-Assisted Development of Sn-Bi-In-Ga Quaternary Alloys as Low-Temperature Pb-Free Solders.

Low-temperature lead (Pb)-free solders are demanding in the electronic packaging industry, because it would open the door for various economic choices of polymeric materials as substrates and also revives the lower cost processes. Here, we proposed a tin⁻bismuth⁻indium⁻gallium (Sn-52.5Bi-2.

The electromigration effect revisited: non-uniform local tensile stress-driven diffusion.

The electromigration (EM) effect involves atomic diffusion of metals under current stressing. Recent theories of EM are based on the unbalanced electrostatic and electron-wind forces exerted on metal ions. However, none of these models have coupled the EM effect and lattice stability.

Nano-volcanic Eruption of Silver.

Silver (Ag) is one of the seven metals of antiquity and an important engineering material in the electronic, medical, and chemical industries because of its unique noble and catalytic properties. Ag thin films are extensively used in modern electronics primarily because of their oxidation-resistance. Here we report a novel phenomenon of Ag nano-volcanic eruption that is caused by interactions between Ag and oxygen (O).

Geometric and electronic properties of edge-decorated graphene nanoribbons.

Edge-decorated graphene nanoribbons are investigated with the density functional theory; they reveal three stable geometric structures. The first type is a tubular structure formed by the covalent bonds of decorating boron or nitrogen atoms. The second one consists of curved nanoribbons created by the dipole-dipole interactions between two edges when decorated with Be, Mg, or Al atoms.

Formation of alternating interfacial layers in Au-12Ge/Ni joints.

Au-Ge alloys are promising materials for high-power and high-frequency packaging, and Ni is frequently used as diffusion barriers. This study investigates interfacial reactions in Au-12Ge/Ni joints at 300 °C and 400 °C. For the reactions at 300 °C, typical interfacial morphology was observed and the diffusion path was (Au) + (Ge)/NiGe/Ni5Ge3/Ni.

Ab initio-aided CALPHAD thermodynamic modeling of the Sn-Pb binary system under current stressing.

Soldering is an ancient process, having been developed 5000 years ago. It remains a crucial process with many modern applications. In electronic devices, electric currents pass through solder joints.