MicroRNA-631 Resensitizes Doxorubicin-Resistant Chondrosarcoma Cells by Targeting Apelin.

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common type of bone cancer. Surgical resection is the best choice for clinical treatment. High-grade chondrosarcoma is destructive and is more possible to metastasis, which is difficult to remove using surgery.

Timing and magnitude of climatic extremes differentially elevate mortality but enhance recovery in a fish population.

The countervailing effects of disturbances (e.g., high mortality and enhanced recovery) on population dynamics can occur through demographic processes under rapidly increasing climatic extremes.

A heat-inducible transcription factor, HsfA2, is required for extension of acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.

The expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) induced by nonlethal heat treatment confers acquired thermotolerance (AT) to organisms against subsequent challenges of otherwise lethal temperature. After the stress signal is removed, AT gradually decays, with decreased Hsps during recovery. AT of sufficient duration is critical for sessile organisms such as plants to survive repeated heat stress in their environment, but little is known regarding its regulation.

Double-blind parallel comparison of multiple doses of apraclonidine, clonidine, and placebo administered intra-articularly to patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.

Objective: This clinical study assessed and compared the potential analgesic and adverse effect of IA apraclonidine with IA clonidine.

Methods: Eighty patients scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive, in a double-blind manner, either IA normal saline (group 1), 50 microg IA apraclonidine (group 2), 150 microg IA apraclonidine (group 3), or 150 microg IA clonidine (group 4), all in a volume of 20 mL subsequent to surgery. Visual analog pain scores (VAS), the duration of analgesia as defined by the time to first demand for supplemental analgesics, the subsequent 24-hour consumption of postoperative supplementary analgesics, and patient adverse effects were evaluated.

Intrathecal spinal progenitor cell transplantation for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Injury to, or dysfunction of, the nervous system can lead to spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and/or allodynia. It is believed that the number and activity of GABAergic neurons gradually decreases over the dorsal horn. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunocompetence has been demonstrated on spinal progenitor cells (SPCs) cultivated in vitro.