Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance of CoCrNiSi Medium-Entropy Alloy by Sputtering CrN Film.

In this study, Co, Cr, and Ni were selected as the equal-atomic medium entropy alloy (MEA) systems, and Si was added to form CoCrNiSi MEA. In order to further improve its wear and corrosion properties, CrN film was sputtered on the surface. In addition, to enhance the adhesion between the soft CoCrNiSi substrate and the super-hard CrN film, a Cr buffer layer was pre-sputtered on the CoCrNiSi substrate.

Performance of bioelectrochemical systems in treating exhaust gas with power generation: Effects of shock-load, shut-down episodes and microbial community.

A diffusive packed anode-bioelectrochemical (Dpa-Bes) system was constructed by feeding waste gas from the cathode to the anode tank in DPa-Bes through a proton exchange membrane (PEM). The high removal of oxygen by the PEM and the effective combination of the two packing materials reduced the electron loss and enhanced the proton transfer capacity, promoting the removal of acetone from the exhaust gas and increasing the output power. The maximum acetone removal efficiency of the modified Dpa-Bes reached ∼99 % after seven days of closed-circuit operation, with a 3.

Waste expanded polystyrene modified with HSO/biodegradable chelating agent for reuse: As a highly efficient adsorbent to remove fluoroquinolone antibiotic from water.

Untreated wastewater containing fluoroquinolone antibiotics poses serious hazards to aquatic species and human health; therefore, treatment of waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a crucial environmental matter. In this study, waste EPS was modified with a HSO/biodegradable chelating agent, [S,S]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), and used for highly efficient adsorption of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. When ciprofloxacin of 25 mg/L was used, the HSO-modified EPS (EPS) adsorbed 60.

Transformation of copper oxide nanoparticles as affected by ionic strength and its effects on the toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in zebrafish embryo.

This study aimed to investigate the transformation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in aquatic environments under different ionic strength and further examine its effects on copper toxicity and bioaccumulation by monitoring the responses and uptake behaviours of zebrafish embryo. Ionic strength (IS) was simulated according to surface water (1.5 mM), groundwater (15 mM), and wastewater (54 mM), representing low-, mid-, and high-IS water, respectively.

Keratin particles generated from rapid hydrolysis of waste feathers with green DES/KOH: Efficient adsorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotic and its reuse.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. However, untreated fluoroquinolone seriously threatens the ecosystem and human health. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were applied for the hydrolysis of waste feathers, and the keratin particles (KPs) in a low-cost teabag were utilized to adsorb fluoroquinolone norfloxacin.

Rapid modification of waste expanded polystyrene with HSO/trace persulfate in one pot for effective adsorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotic and its regeneration.

Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is widely used to treat microbial infections. However, untreated norfloxacin-containing wastewater poses serious threats to the ecosystem and human health. The treatment of waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) by landfilling or incineration could cause environmental problems.

Critical factors for enhancing the bioremediation of a toxic pollutant at high concentrations in groundwater: Toxicity evaluation, degrader tolerance, and microbial community.

Groundwater near refinery and natural gas plants often contain elevated concentrations of toxic sulfolane. Studies on any concentration of sulfolane are limited. Column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding a low dose of HO and nutrient on bioremediation.

Evaluation use of bioaugmentation and biostimulation to improve degradation of sulfolane in artificial groundwater.

Column systems were used to evaluate the effectiveness of different bioremediation methods (biostimulation (BS) and bioaugmentation (BA)) in treating sulfolane-contaminated groundwater. Batch test results confirmed that Cupriavidus sp. Y9 (Y9) was the most effective strain for BA.

Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Differential effects of landline, Mobile, and transferred calls.

Background: Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DACPR) could improve the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the efficiency of DACPR varies. Our study compared the effectiveness of DACPR instructed via landline calls, mobile calls, and landline calls transferred to mobiles.

Uptake of BDE-209 on zebrafish embryos as affected by SiO nanoparticles.

It was hypothesized that interactions between emerging contaminants such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and nanoparticles (NPs) such as nano-SiO (nSiO), can affect contaminant transport in the aquatic environment and its ecotoxicity. This study assessed the influence of nSiO on the uptake of BDE-209 by zebrafish embryo. The distribution of BDE-209 and nSiO on the external chorion and the internal embryo mass (i.

Development of a multiplexed tumor-associated autoantibody-based blood test for the detection of colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and early diagnosis is vital to improving prognoses. We explored the diagnostic potential of a multiplex autoantibody panel as a biomarker for the detection of CRC by ELISA.

Methods: In total, 192 serum samples (92 CRC and 100 matched controls) were tested against a panel of 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs): RPH3AL, RPL36, SLP2, p53, survivin, ANAXA4, SEC61B, CCCAP, NYCO16, NMDAR, PLSCR1, and HDAC5.

Innovative encapsulated oxygen-releasing beads for bioremediation of BTEX at high concentration in groundwater.

Both a low concentration of dissolved oxygen and the toxicity of a high concentration of BTEX inhibit the bioremediation of BTEX in groundwater. A novel method of preparing encapsulated oxygen-releasing beads (encap-ORBs) for the biodegradation of BTEX in groundwater was developed. Experimental results show that the integrality and oxygen-releasing capacity of encap-ORBs exceeded those of ORBs.

Electricity production and benzene removal from groundwater using low-cost mini tubular microbial fuel cells in a monitoring well.

A low-cost mini tubular microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed for treating groundwater that contained benzene in monitoring wells. Experimental results indicate that increasing the length and density, and reducing the size of the char particles in the anode effectively reduced the internal resistance. Additionally, a thinner polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel separator and PVA with a higher molecular weight improved electricity generation.

Non-doped solid-state white light-emitting electrochemical cells employing the microcavity effect.

Solid-state white light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have attracted research attention owing to their advantages of simple device structure, low operation voltage and compatibility with solution processes. In this work, we demonstrate a simple approach to obtain white electroluminescence (EL) from non-doped LECs based on a blue-emitting complex. With a relatively thicker emissive layer, red emission can be additionally enhanced by the microcavity effect when the recombination zone moves to appropriate positions.

Effects of Reductants on Phytoextraction of Chromium (VI) by Ipomoea aquatica.

Reductants are often used to reduce Cr(VI) in chemical treatments, yet the effects of the reductants on Cr(VI) phytoremediation are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of different reductants on Cr(VI) phytoremediation by Ipomoea aquatica in simulated solution with 3 mg L(-1) of Cr(VI), pH0 of 6, and an incubation time of 5 days. Results indicate that the applications of S2O3(2-), Fe0, and Fe2+ at low doses notably increased root Cr concentrations, which were obviously higher than that those in the control (Cr6+ alone).

Alleviation of metal and BTEX inhibition on BTEX degradation using PVA-immobilized degrader: kinetic model of BTEX degradation.

Alleviation of metal inhibition on BTEX degradation using PVA-immobilized degrader (Mycobacterium sp. CHXY119) was investigated. When BTEX of 29 mg L(-1) [B:T:E:X = 1:1:1:1 (mg)] was used, more than 99 % of BTEX was simultaneously degraded by the free cells within 170 h.

Novel oxygen-releasing immobilized cell beads for bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated water.

Novel oxygen-releasing bead (ORB) and oxygen-releasing immobilized cell bead (ORICB) were prepared. Their oxygen releasing characteristics and effect on degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX)-contaminated groundwater were evaluated in a column. ORB prepared by CaO(2)-encapsulated freezing had much better oxygen-releasing capacity (0.

Evaluation of acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of disinfectants by Daphnia magna embryo assay.

Three common disinfectants were selected in this study to investigate their toxicity to Daphnia magna. The methods used in this study included the traditional acute toxicity test, new embryo toxicity test, and teratogenic test. The study concluded that the acute toxicity of the three disinfectants to young daphnids and embryos were hypochlorite > formaldehyde > m-cresol.

IFN-γ induction on carbohydrate binding module of fungal immunomodulatory protein in human peripheral mononuclear cells.

FIP-fve is a protein that is isolated from Flammulina velutipes . Its known immunomodulatory activities are elicitation of the production of type II interferon from human peripheral mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and hemagglutination. How the target receptors mediate activation of FIP-fve-induced immunomodulatory effects remains to be elucidated.

Copper emission during thermal treatment of simulated copper sludge.

This study evaluates Cu emissions in air-particulate and gas phases during thermal treatment of simulated copper sludge by a rotary kiln. Influences of operating parameters, including treatment temperature (400-700 degrees C), rotary speed (0.89-2.

Effects of UV irradiation on humic acid removal by ozonation, Fenton and Fe⁰/air treatment: THMFP and biotoxicity evaluation.

Effects of UV irradiation on humic acid (HA) removal by Fe(0)/air, ozonation and Fenton oxidation were investigated. The trihalomethane forming potential (THMFP) and toxicity of treated solutions were also evaluated. The experimental conditions were ozone of 21 mg min(-1), H(2)O(2) of 8 × 10(-4)M, Fe(0) of 20 g L(-1), air flow of 5 L min(-1), and UVC of 9 W.

Evaluation of acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of plant growth regulators by Daphnia magna embryo assay.

This study selected common plant growth regulators (Atonik, Cytokinin, Ethephon, Gibberellic acid and Paclobutrazol) to investigate their biological toxicity to the waters of the important biological indicator Daphnia magna. The methods used in this study included traditional neonate acute toxicity test, new Daphnia embryo toxicity test, and teratogenic embryo test. The study concluded that the acute toxicity of the five PGRs to Daphnia neonate had EC(50) value range of 1.

Effects of dissolved oxygen on dye removal by zero-valent iron.

Effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations on dye removal by zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) were investigated. The Vibrio fischeri light inhibition test was employed to evaluate toxicity of decolorized solution. Three dyes, Acid Orange 7 (AO7, monoazo), Reactive Red 120 (RR120, diazo), and Acid Blue 9 (AB9, triphenylmethane), were selected as model dyes.

Effect of Cu species on leaching behavior of simulated copper sludge after thermal treatment: ESCA analysis.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of thermal treatment on residual copper sludge after separation treatment. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) concentration, pattern distribution and possible Cu species of simulated copper sludge were analyzed. Parameters such as different reaction time and temperature are also discussed in this study.

Treatment and toxicity evaluation of methylene blue using electrochemical oxidation, fly ash adsorption and combined electrochemical oxidation-fly ash adsorption.

Treatment of a basic dye, methylene blue, by electrochemical oxidation, fly ash adsorption, and combined electrochemical oxidation-fly ash adsorption was compared. Methylene blue at 100 mgL(-1) was used in this study. The toxicity was also monitored by the Vibrio fischeri light inhibition test.