Protective effect of conditioned medium derived from melatonin-stimulated stem cells from the apical papilla on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity can be attenuated via paracrine mechanisms involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Conditioned medium (CM) from dental MSCs stimulates neuroprotective effects through trophic factors, and melatonin is a known enhancer of the efficacy of conditional media. Here, we investigated the protective effect of CM derived from stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), supplemented without and with melatonin CM (SCAP-CM and Mel-CM), against glutamate-induced PC12 cell apoptosis via the inhibition of intracellular calcium influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.