Overexpression of NUDT16L1 sustains proper function of mitochondria and leads to ferroptosis insensitivity in colorectal cancer.

Cancer research is continuously exploring new avenues to improve treatments, and ferroptosis induction has emerged as a promising approach. However, the lack of comprehensive analysis of the ferroptosis sensitivity in different cancer types has limited its clinical application. Moreover, identifying the key regulator that influences the ferroptosis sensitivity during cancer progression remains a major challenge.

Un-methylation of NUDT21 represses docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis contributing to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer.

Aims: The recent approval of enzalutamide for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer underscores its growing clinical significance, raising concerns about emerging resistance and limited treatment options. While the reactivation of the androgen receptor (AR) and other genes plays a role in enzalutamide resistance, identifications of novel underlying mechanism with therapeutic potential in enzalutamide-resistant (EnzaR) cells remain largely elusive.

Methods: Drug-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, animal models, and organoids were utilized to examine NUDT21 function by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses through loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays.

Tumefactive Demyelination Lesions: Report on three cases.

Purpose: Tumefactive demyelination (TD) lesion and its subtype Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS), are rare manifestations of central nervous system demyelinating disease. Because of its rarity, physicians might hesitate in reaching a diagnosis or initiating steroid pulse therapy. This study aims at pinpointing the key neuroimaging features to distinguish TD lesions from surgical conditions, and illustrating the clinical outcomes of patients with TD lesions.

Cervical myelopathy and extensive body destruction caused by primary Gli1 fusion sarcoma.

Sarcomas of the cervical spine with osteolytic lesions and intradural extension are extremely uncommon. This is a case report of a woman in her late 30s who had experienced numbness and gradual weakness of her four limbs. MRI with enhanced T1-weighted contrast showed a heterogeneously enhancing intradural extramedullary mass lesion over C2-C4 levels compressing the spinal cord.

The behavioral signature of stepwise learning strategy in male rats and its neural correlate in the basal forebrain.

Studies of associative learning have commonly focused on how rewarding outcomes are predicted by either sensory stimuli or animals' actions. However, in many learning scenarios, reward delivery requires the occurrence of both sensory stimuli and animals' actions in a specific order, in the form of behavioral sequences. How such behavioral sequences are learned is much less understood.

Depletion of intracellular Ca induces FOXM1 SUMOylation and accumulation on the inner nuclear membrane and accelerates G2/M cell cycle transition.

Intracellular calcium (Ca) has been reported to regulate transcription factor activity and cancer development, but how it affects the function of Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1), a crucial transcription factor and key oncogene participating in tumorigenesis, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of Ca on FOXM1 and found that Ca depletion caused the distribution of FOXM1 to aggregate on the nuclear envelope, which was also observed in many cell lines. Further experiments revealed that sequestrated FOXM1 colocalized with lamin B in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and was affected by the activity of nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1).

Optogenetically engineered Ca2+ oscillation-mediated DRP1 activation promotes mitochondrial fission and cell death.

Mitochondrial dynamics regulate the quality and morphology of mitochondria. Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial function. Here, we investigated the effects of optogenetically engineered Ca2+ signaling on mitochondrial dynamics.

Targeting YAP1 ameliorates progesterone resistance in endometriosis.

Study Question: Does YAP1 inhibition alleviate progesterone resistance in endometriosis?

Summary Answer: YAP1 inhibition reduces progesterone resistance in vitro and in vivo.

What Is Known Already: Progesterone resistance not only causes treatment failure for endometriosis but also inhibits eutopic endometrial cell proliferation, dysregulates decidualization, and reduces the success rates of pregnancy. Hippo/yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

MRI features of pediatric atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors and medulloblastomas of the posterior fossa.

Background: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) occurs at a younger age and is associated with a worse prognosis than medulloblastoma; however, these two tumor entities are mostly indistinguishable on neuroimaging. The aim of our study was to differentiate AT/RT and medulloblastoma based on their clinical and MRI features to enhance treatment planning and outcome prediction.

Methods: From 2005-2021, we retrospectively enrolled 16 patients with histopathologically diagnosed AT/RT and 57 patients with medulloblastoma at our institute.

Comparison of the mutation patterns between tumor tissue and cell-free DNA in stage IV gastric cancer.

Compared to stage I-III gastric cancer (GC), the level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was significantly higher in stage IV GC. The mutation patterns of different metastatic patterns between cfDNA and tumor DNA in stage IV GC have not yet been reported. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze cfDNA and tumor DNA in 56 stage IV GC patients.

The MAEL expression in mitochondria of human spermatozoa and the association with asthenozoospermia.

Purpose: The maelstrom spermatogenic transposon silencer (MAEL) function in postmeiotic germ cells remains unclear, and its protein localization in human testis and spermatozoa awaits determination. This study aims to clarify the MAEL expression in human spermatogenesis and to explore its role in sperm function.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven asthenozoospermic men, 40 normozoospermic controls, and three obstructive azoospermic men were enrolled.

ATM- and ATR-induced primary ciliogenesis promotes cisplatin resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers because of its late diagnosis and chemoresistance. Primary cilia, the cellular antennae, are observed in most human cells to maintain development and differentiation. Primary cilia are gradually lost during the progression of pancreatic cancer and are eventually absent in PDAC.

Compassionate Treatment of Brainstem Tumors with Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: A Case Series.

Brainstem tumors are heterogenous and cancerous glioma tumors arising from the midbrain, pons, and the medulla that are relatively common in children, accounting for 10% to 20% of all pediatric brain tumors. However, the prognosis of aggressive brainstem gliomas remains extremely poor despite aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. That means there are many life-threatening patients who have exhausted all available treatment options and are beginning to face end-of-life stage.

Bifocal lesions have a poorer treatment outcome than a single lesion in adult patients with intracranial germinoma.

Intracranial germinoma (IG) rarely occurs in adults. Its optimal treatment strategy is unclear. We evaluated the outcomes of radiotherapy in adults with intracranial germinoma.

Indolent enhancing spinal lesions mimicking spinal metastasis in pediatric patients with malignant primary brain tumors.

Spinal metastasis from malignant primary brain tumors (MPBTs) in pediatric patients is rare and often appears as enhancing lesions on MRI. However, some indolent enhancing spinal lesions (IESLs) resulting from previous treatment mimic metastasis on MRI, leading to unnecessary investigation and treatment. In 2005-2020, we retrospectively enrolled 12 pediatric/young patients with clinical impression of spinal metastasis and pathological diagnosis of their spinal lesions.

Comparing paclitaxel-platinum with ifosfamide-platinum as the front-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced-stage uterine carcinosarcoma.

Background: Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare but highly lethal disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy is highly recommended for advanced UCS. To date, the standard chemotherapy regimen is still uncertain, although two regimens as paclitaxel-platinum (PP) and ifosfamide-platinum (IP) regimens are most commonly used.

An innovative targeted therapy for fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis.

Fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis (FICRD) is a complication of fluoroscopy-guided intervention. Unlike acute radiation dermatitis, FICRD is different as delayed onset and usually appears without preexisting acute dermatitis. Unfortunately, the chronic and progressive pathology of FICRD makes it difficult to treat, and some patients need to receive wide excision and reconstruction surgery.

The MicroRNA Prediction Models as Ancillary Diagnosis Biomarkers for Urothelial Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Urothelial carcinoma is a common urological cancer in chronic kidney disease patients. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the clinical diagnostic tools for UC. However, cystoscopy is an invasive procedure, while urine cytology showed low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors.

SREBP1-Induced Glutamine Synthetase Triggers a Feedforward Loop to Upregulate SREBP1 through Sp1 O-GlcNAcylation and Augments Lipid Droplet Formation in Cancer Cells.

Glutamine and lipids are two important components of proliferating cancer cells. Studies have demonstrated that glutamine synthetase (GS) boosts glutamine-dependent anabolic processes for nucleotide and protein synthesis, but the role of GS in regulating lipogenesis remains unclear. This study identified that insulin and glutamine deprivation activated the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) that bound to the GS promoter and increased its transcription.