Two children with lymphocytic hypophysitis presenting with positive anti-rabphilin-3A antibody.

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the anterior or posterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus. LYH is subdivided into lymphocytic adenohypophysitis (LAH), lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis (LINH), and lymphocytic panhypophysitis (LPH) depending on the primary site. Most cases occur in adults, with few cases reported in children, and it is especially important to distinguish LYH from suprasellar malignancies, such as germ cell tumors and other neoplastic diseases.

Prediction of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using post-resuscitation electrocardiogram: An observational cohort study.

Aim: We evaluated the characteristics of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to identify patients who required brain computed tomography as the next diagnostic workup.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 1303 consecutive patients with nontraumatic OHCA who were admitted to Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital between 2008 and 2020. Among these, 454 patients achieved sustained ROSC.

Meningioma in Down Syndrome.

Background: Down syndrome comprises multiple malformations and is due to trisomy of chromosome 21. There is epidemiologic evidence that individuals with Down syndrome are at decreased risk for solid tumors including brain tumors. It has been suggested that some genes expressed on the extra copy of chromosome 21 act as tumor suppressor genes and contribute to protection against tumorigenesis.

Lack of Reelin causes malpositioning of nigral dopaminergic neurons: evidence from comparison of normal and Reln(rl) mutant mice.

The reeler gene (Reln(rl), formerly rl) product Reelin controls neuronal migration and positioning and thereby plays a key role in brain development. Mutation of Reln leads to widespread disruption of laminar cortical regions and ectopia in some brainstem nuclei. In the embryonic striatum of normal mice, a substantial expression of reelin mRNA has been documented; however, the anomalous positioning of neurons in the basal ganglia of reeler mice remains to be studied.

Impact of posterior GPI pallidotomy on leg tremor in Parkinson's disease.

Although stereotactic thalamotomy is the mainstay in the surgical treatment of tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), this surgery is not favored and is even a matter of potential concern in the treatment of leg tremor since it carries a significant risk of injury to the internal capsule. In this study we have carried out a quantitative assessment of leg tremor alleviation in 12 patients with PD after MRI-/microelectrode-guided stereotactic ablation of the posterior part of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). The results showed that posterior GPi pallidotomy combined with drug therapy is a satisfactorily effective therapeutic strategy to treat parkinsonian leg tremor.

Neuronal cell migration for the developmental formation of the mammalian striatum.

The mammalian striatum is the largest receptive component of the basal ganglia circuit. It is involved in the control of various aspects of motor, cognitive, and emotional functions. In the telencephalon, the striatum has a unique histological property totally different from the cortical area and its ontogenesis remains largely unknown.

Involvement of reelin and Cajal-Retzius cells in the developmental formation of vertical columnar structures in the cerebral cortex: evidence from the study of mouse presubicular cortex.

The mammalian cerebral cortex is organized into horizontal and vertical arrays of neurons and their fiber connections that form anatomically and physiologically distinct laminar and columnar compartments. However, the developmental mechanism(s) underlying this dichotomous pattern remains a mystery. We provide anatomical evidence suggesting that reelin, a diffusible protein produced and secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells, is involved in the developmental formation of the vertical cell structures in the mouse presubicular cortex, the unique site where the vertical columnar arrays of cortical plate neurons and their dendritic branches are clearly identified during the early postnatal period.