Apple polyphenols induce browning of white adipose tissue.

We and others have shown that apple polyphenols decrease adipose tissue mass. To better understand the underlying mechanisms and to expand clinical applicability, we herein examine whether apple polyphenols induce adipose thermogenic adaptations (browning) and prevent diet-induced obesity and related insulin resistance. In mice fed a standard diet, daily apple polyphenol consumption induced thermogenic adaptations in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), based on increases in the expression of brown/beige adipocyte selective genes (Ucp1, Cidea, Tbx1, Cd137) and protein content of uncoupling protein 1 and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzymes.

Cast immobilization of hindlimb upregulates sarcolipin expression in atrophied skeletal muscles and increases thermogenesis in C57BL/6J mice.

Mechanical unloading impairs cytosolic calcium (Ca) homeostasis in skeletal muscles. In this study, we investigated whether sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) itself or one of the regulators of the Ca SERCA pump, sarcolipin (SLN), is altered to deregulate Ca homeostasis in cast immobilized, atrophied muscles. Hindlimb muscles of 8-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to bilateral cast immobilization for 2 wk.

Moderate Intensity Cycling Exercise after Upper Extremity Resistance Training Interferes Response to Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength Gains.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of 30-min moderate intensity cycling exercise immediately after upper-body resistance training on the muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. Fourteen subjects were randomly divided between two groups. One group performed moderate intensity (55% of maximum oxygen consumption [VO], 30 min) cycle training immediately after arm resistance training as concurrent training (CT; n = 7, age: 21.