Characteristics of Early-Onset Dementia in Chiba Prefecture, Japan: A Multicenter Survey.

Introduction: Early-onset dementia (EOD), defined as dementia onset before the age of 65 years, is relatively rare, but its social impacts are significant. This study aimed to characterize the diagnosis and clinical and social status of EOD subjects in the 11 dementia centers in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Methods: A retrospective 1-year survey was conducted.

[The delayed sensitization of CRH response developed after chronic variable stress on the acoustic startle reflex].

Substantial evidence indicates that brain neurons containing and secreting norepinephrine (NE) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) are activated during stress. The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) can be enhanced by CRH neuronal activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Our previous study demonstrates an augmentation of the footshock-induced ASR (f-ASR) 1 day after chronic variable stress (CVS) for 13 days.

Fluvoxamine and sigma-1 receptor agonists dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-sulfate induces the Ser473-phosphorylation of Akt-1 in PC12 cells.

Aims: The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a downstream target of a variety of antidepressant treatments, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used clinically for the treatment of depression. BDNF binds to and activates tyrosine kinases receptor (TrkB) to exert its effects. TrkB, after activation by ligands, stimulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).

[Long-lasting sensitization to footshock after chronic variable stress on the acoustic startle reflex].

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)--and norepinephrine (NE) -containing neurons in the brain are activated during stress. We previously reported a decrease in the basal level of CRH immunoreactivity in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus after chronic variable stress (CVS), whereas both responses were augmented by a novel stress (footshock). Since the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) can be enhanced by the CRH neuronal activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala, we examined the influence of footshock on ASR in rats exposed to CVS.

[Regulation of TH activity by GAD immunoreactivity in rat peri-LC after chronic variable stress].

Locus coeruleus (LC) is the major component of noradrenergic neurons in the brain. The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and norepinephrine (NE) are suggested to play a role in modulating the central stress response. In a previous study we observed a decrease of the basal level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity (-ir) in the LC of rats treated with chronic variable stress (CVS) for 14 days.

[Effect of concurrent treatment of SSRI on the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the rat locus coeruleus treated with chronic variable stress].

Locus coeruleus (LC) is the major component of noradrenergic neurons in the brain. corticotropine-releasing hormone (CRH) and norepinephrine (NE) are suggested to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of depression, although the involvement of the serotonergic system in the CRH-NE systems is not elucidated. Chronic inescapable and unpredictable stress can result in a sustained dysregulation of both of CRH and NE systems.