Declining Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Co-Infections Among Young Japanese Women With Cervical Cancer and Its Precursors.

Co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) of multiple genotypes mainly occur due to increased sexual activity. To address the prevalence and trend of HPV co-infections in Japan, HPV-type-specific data from Japanese women (n = 8128) aged < 40 years and newly diagnosed with cervical abnormalities at 24 hospitals between 2012 and 2023 were analyzed. These included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/2 (CIN1/2, n = 2745), CIN3/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (n = 3953), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n = 1430).

Comparison of Treatment Outcomes Between First-Line Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab for Advanced Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (Tohoku Gynecologic Cancer Unit: TGCU-RS001A Study).

: The usefulness of bevacizumab (BEV) as first-line chemotherapy for advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) was retrospectively evaluated at Tohoku Gynecologic Cancer Unit institutions. : A total of 81 patients (52 patients without BEV and 29 with BEV) with advanced ovarian CCC who received initial platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled. We selected 26 patients each without and with BEV according to propensity score matching methods, and compared the platinum-resistant recurrence rate, response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events between the two groups.

Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery versus open laparotomy for epithelial ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and conventional abdominal surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), stratified by treatment type.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by an Expert Panel of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology Ovarian Cancer Committee. Several academic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, and Ichushi were searched by the Japan Medical Library Association on November 11, 2023, using the keywords "epithelial ovarian cancer", "minimally invasive surgery", "laparoscopic", and "robot-assisted".

Simultaneous occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia after COVID-19 infection: case report and literature review.

Various autoimmune diseases have been reported to develop as a result of a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. There have been some reports of COVID-19-triggered autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia infection, but none have reported simultaneous onset of these diseases. A 15-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with severe liver injury and anemia.

Long-Term and Short-Interval Assessment of Self-Reported Urinary and Sexual Functions after Nerve-Sparing Radical Hysterectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nerve preservation confirmed by intraoperative electrical stimulation (IES) on subjective symptoms of urinary and sexual function in uterine cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomies. This study included 85 patients who underwent type C radical hysterectomy with IES. Pelvic splanchnic nerve preservation with IES after hysterectomy (nerve-stimulation positive group) was confirmed in 61 women and 24 women did not have nerve preservation (negative group).

ExcLAMation marks in a pelvic lymph node.

Extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) can present as incidental nodal LAM in gynecological surgery specimens, that warrants systemic investigation and follow-up of concurrent and subsequent development of pulmonary and extrapulmonary LAM.

Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab Combination Therapy for Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: A Single-Center, Retrospective Analysis.

A multi-kinase inhibitor, lenvatinib, plus an immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab, became a viable therapeutic option for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer in Japan by the end of 2021. The Japanese population has a relatively unique genetic background. Hence, the safety profile and effectiveness of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab may differ between the Japanese and other populations.

An Attempt to Develop a New Treatment Strategy for Rare Refractory Gynecological Malignancies: The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group.

Platinum-based combination chemotherapy has been a frontline therapeutic strategy for advanced ovarian cancer. Although patients with ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) respond well to the combination therapy, those with relatively rare histologic subtypes, such as mucinous or clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (OCCC), show resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Even with the recently developed maintenance therapies using molecular targeted inhibitors for ovarian cancers, such as bevacizumab or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, the prognosis of non-HGSC ovarian cancers is unsatisfactory.

A qualitative systematic review of the significance of adjuvant therapy in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer presenting positive peritoneal cytology: a relevant study to the guideline update for endometrial cancer by the Japan society of gynecologic oncology guideline committee.

In association with an update of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology clinical practice guidelines for endometrial cancer in 2023, a systematic review was conducted about the therapeutic benefit of adjuvant therapy on patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma, who presented positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) without the risk factors for recurrence. The systematic review only included two eligible retrospective studies. Both studies included patients with risk factors for recurrence.

Identification of predictive biomarkers for endometrial cancer diagnosis and treatment response monitoring using plasma metabolome profiling.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EMC) is the most common female genital tract malignancy with an increasing prevalence in many countries including Japan, a fact that renders early detection and treatment necessary to protect health and fertility. Although early detection and treatment are necessary to further improve the prognosis of women with endometrial cancer, biomarkers that accurately reflect the pathophysiology of EMC patients are still unclear. Therefore, it is clinically critical to identify biomarkers to assess diagnosis and treatment efficacy to facilitate appropriate treatment and development of new therapies for EMC.

Diagnostic Performance of Preoperative Imaging in Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Because the findings mentioned in radiogram interpretation reports issued by diagnostic radiologists influence treatment strategies, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation results in clinically relevant settings.

Methods: The clinical records of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer treated at Tohoku University Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were reviewed.

Human papillomavirus vaccine impact on invasive cervical cancer in Japan: Preliminary results from cancer statistics and the MINT study.

The first prophylactic vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV18 was licensed in Japan in 2009. HPV vaccine effectiveness against high-grade cervical lesions has been demonstrated among young Japanese women, but evidence of its effects on invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is lacking. Using data from two different cancer registries, we compared recent trends of new ICC cases by age group using Poisson regression analysis.

Surgically treated cervical cancer in a high-risk group in the era of the 2018 FIGO staging schema: a nationwide study.

The 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) revision to the staging criteria for uterine cervical cancer adopted pathological staging for patients who underwent surgery. We investigated the correlation between clinicopathological factors and prognosis in patients with high-risk factors in accordance with the FIGO 2018 staging criteria by analyzing a real-world database of 6,192 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy at 116 institutions belonging to the Japan Gynecologic Oncology Group. A total of 1,392 patients were categorized into the high-risk group.

Assessing the Significance of Lymphadenectomy in Older Patients with Stage I Endometrial Cancer: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Advantages of lymphadenectomy for early stage endometrial cancer remain controversial. Lymphadenectomy had been routinely omitted for patients aged ≥ 70 years at our institute if lymph node metastasis was unsuspected due to an increased risk of peri- and postsurgical complications. Since 2013, with the introduction of minimally invasive surgery and considering the heterogeneous medical conditions, we started performing lymphadenectomy in patients who were considered well-tolerated.

Retrospective analysis of local recurrence pattern by computed tomography image-guided intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer in a single Japanese institution.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment results with focus on local control (LC) by computed tomography (CT)-guided intracavity brachytherapy and interstitial brachytherapy (ICBT/ISBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

Methods And Materials: Patients with LACC undergoing ICBT/ISBT at least once in our institution between January 2017 and June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was local control (LC), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and late toxicities.

Precautions during Direct Oral Anticoagulant Introduction in Gynecologic Malignancies: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

The risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence/exacerbation or a change from a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) to another anticoagulant in patients with gynecologic cancer using DOACs have not been thoroughly elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for a composite primary outcome, including VTE recurrence/exacerbation, or a change from a DOAC to another anticoagulant, in this population. A total of 63 patients were analyzed.

[Successful R0 Resection of Two Metachronous Krukenberg Tumors from Gastric Cancer-A Case Report].

A 50s woman with a stomachache was referred to our hospital with diagnosed gastric cancer. Upper endoscopy showed a type 3 tumor in the lower gastric body, and CT demonstrated a pelvic tumor 10 cm in size. Laparoscopic surgery was performed; since the pelvic tumor was found to derive from the left ovary, left oophorectomy and total gastrectomy were performed.

Comparison of treatment outcomes between first-line chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer (Tohoku gynecologic cancer unit: TGCU-RS001 study).

Background: Outcomes with and without bevacizumab as first-line chemotherapy in Japanese-only ovarian cancer patients have not been reported. In this study, we report a retrospective study conducted at the Tohoku Gynecologic Cancer Unit.

Patients And Methods: The study included 453 patients with stage III/IV ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.

Prognostic factors of 2018 FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer with absence of high/ intermediate surgical-pathological risk factors.

Objective: This retrospective analysis of a real-world database of open radical hysterectomy in Japan aimed to reveal the clinicopathological findings and clinical outcomes of low-risk patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer.

Methods: A total of 1143 stage IB1, IB2 and IIA1 (reclassified by FIGO 2018 staging system) patients with cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy between January 2004 and December 2008 from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group database were analyzed. Low-risk patients were defined as those without a tumor size exceeding 4 cm, parametrial tumor involvement, deep (outer half) stromal invasion, lymphovascular space invasion or lymph nodal metastasis.

A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Biomarkers for Olaparib Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors theoretically promote synthetic lethality in cancer cells with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). However, clinical evidence indicates that PARP inhibitors are also effective for treating HRD-negative ovarian cancer. The PARP inhibitor olaparib became available in Japan as a maintenance therapy for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer regardless of homologous recombination status in April 2018.