Changes of the daily and hourly behavioral time of respiratory disease calves in a group rearing system for 7 days prior to the date of clinical diagnosis.

Respiratory disease in calves is one of the most prominent diseases affecting their growth. The early and accurate detection of calf disease on the farm brings proper growth of calves. The objective of this study was to compare the daily and hourly behavioral time of diseased calves with the other calves in same pen (pen-mates) for 7 days prior to the diagnosis day.

Performance improvement of space-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectrometer by use of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detectors at the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.

Two pairs of space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometers working at 5-138 Å with different vertical observation ranges of -7 ≤ Z ≤ 19 and -18 ≤ Z ≤ 8 cm have been newly developed to observe the radial profile of impurity line emissions and to study the transport of high-Z impurity ions intrinsically existing in EAST tokamak plasmas. Both spectrometers are equipped with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector (Andor Marana-X 4.2B-6, Oxford Instruments) with sensitive area of 13.

Body measurement of riding horses with a versatile tablet-type 3D scanning device.

The measurement of various body dimensions of horses plays a significant role in quality improvement, genetic breeding, health, and soundness. There has been significant advancement in the technology for acquiring stereoscopic images with a three-dimensional (3D) scanner. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of body measurements obtained from stereoscopic images taken with a 3D scanner.

Effects of substituting kraft pulp with corn silage on dry matter intake, ruminal mat formation, rumen fermentation, and rumination activity in non-lactating cows.

The present study examined the effects of substituting kraft pulp (KP) with corn silage (CS) on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal mat and rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumination. Four non-lactating, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were fed a CS diet comprising 36% grass silage (GS) and 64% CS or a KP diet comprising 36% GS, 57% KP, and 7% soybean meal. DMI was significantly lower in cows fed the KP diet than in those fed the CS diet (p < 0.

Hair cortisol levels of lactating dairy cows in cold- and warm-temperate regions in Japan.

We compared the hair cortisol levels of lactating dairy cows in a cold- and a warm-temperate region out of four climatic zones in Japan. We simultaneously investigated the effects of calving number, lactation period and month of hair sampling. Hair of nine Holstein lactating cows chosen from each region (i.

A fast-time-response extreme ultraviolet spectrometer for measurement of impurity line emissions in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.

A flat-field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer working in the 20-500 Å wavelength range with fast time response has been newly developed to measure line emissions from highly ionized tungsten in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with a tungsten divertor, while the monitoring of light and medium impurities is also an aim in the present development. A flat-field focal plane for spectral image detection is made by a laminar-type varied-line-spacing concave holographic grating with an angle of incidence of 87°. A back-illuminated charge-coupled device (CCD) with a total size of 26.

Space-resolved 3 m normal incidence spectrometer for edge impurity diagnostics in the large helical device.

A space-resolved vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy using a 3 m normal incidence spectrometer has been developed to measure the impurity profile in the edge ergodic layer composed of stochastic magnetic field by which the edge plasma in the large helical device (LHD) is uniquely characterized. It vertically measures the spatial profile of VUV lines emitted from impurities in the wavelength range of 300-3200 Å. The wavelength interval, Δλ, which can be measured in a single discharge, is about 37 Å.

First measurements of highly ionized impurity emission distribution by grazing-incidence flat-field extreme ultraviolet spectrometer in HL-2A.

A space-resolved grazing-incidence flat-field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer has been developed in the HL-2A tokamak to measure vertical impurity emission profiles with simultaneous spectral, temporal, and spatial resolution. The spectrometer working in the wavelength range of 30-500 Å has been equipped with a gold-coated varied-line-spacing holographic grating with curvature of 5606 mm and a back illuminated charge-coupled device with size of 6.6 × 26.

Space-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy free of high-energy neutral particle noise in wavelength range of 10-130 Å on the large helical device.

A flat-field space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer system working in wavelength range of 10-130 Å has been constructed in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for profile measurements of bremsstrahlung continuum and line emissions of heavy impurities in the central column of plasmas, which are aimed at studies on Zeff and impurity transport, respectively. Until now, a large amount of spike noise caused by neutral particles with high energies (≤180 keV) originating in neutral beam injection has been observed in EUV spectroscopy on LHD. The new system has been developed with an aim to delete such a spike noise from the signal by installing a thin filter which can block the high-energy neutral particles entering the EUV spectrometer.

Brain testosterone deficiency leads to down-regulation of mitochondrial gene expression in rat hippocampus accompanied by a decline in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α expression.

Age-related decrease of testosterone levels in blood and brain is believed to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of testosterone on brain function is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the impact of testosterone deprivation on mitochondrial gene expression in the brain of male gonadectomized (GDX) rats.

Distribution of radioactive cesium in edible parts of cattle.

After the disastrous incident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, various agricultural, livestock and fishery products have been inspected for radioactive contamination with cesium in Japan. In this study, radioactive cesium was measured in various edible parts of cattle to verify the current inspection method for cattle, in which the neck tissues are generally used as samples. Radioactive cesium concentration in the short plate, diaphragm, liver, lung, omasum, abomasum and small intestine were lower and sirloin, tenderloin, top round meat and tongue were higher than that in the neck.

Radial profile measurement of electron temperature in edge stochastic magnetic field layer of LHD using intensity ratio of extreme ultraviolet line emissions.

Vertical profile of neon line emissions in 30-650 Å wavelength range has been observed in horizontally elongated plasma cross section of Large Helical Device (LHD). Intensity ratio between the neon line emissions is studied to measure the radial profile of electron temperature in the edge stochastic magnetic field layer of LHD. The edge temperature profile successfully obtained from the line ratio of NeVIII 2s-3p to 2p-3s transitions is compared with the simulation based on three-dimensional edge transport code.

Effect of high-energy neutral particles on extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy in large helical device.

Spectra measured by an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer frequently suffer large spike noise when Large Helical Device is operated in low-density range (≤ 3 × 10(13) cm(-3)) with neutral beam injection (NBI). The spike noise completely disappears in electron cyclotron heating discharges. In order to examine the effect of NBI, a carbon filter with thickness of 150 nm was installed in the EUV spectrometer.

Absolute sensitivity calibration of vacuum and extreme ultraviolet spectrometer systems and Z(eff) measurement based on bremsstrahlung continuum in HL-2A tokamak.

A grazing-incidence flat-field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer has been newly developed in HL-2A tokamak. Typical spectral lines are observed from intrinsic impurities of carbon, oxygen, iron, and extrinsic impurity of helium in the wavelength range of 20 Å-500 Å. Bremsstrahlung continuum is measured at different electron densities of HL-2A discharges to calibrate absolute sensitivity of the EUV spectrometer system and to measure effective ionic charge, Z(eff).

Increased human Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channel 1 expression and mucus overproduction in airway epithelia of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Background: The mechanisms underlying the association between smoking and mucus overproduction remain unknown. Because of its involvement in other airway diseases, such as asthma, we hypothesized that Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channel 1 (CLCA1) was associated with overproduction of mucus in the airways of smokers and COPD patients.

Methods: Using real-time quantitative PCR analyses, we compared the CLCA1 mRNA expression levels in induced-sputum cells from COPD patients (n = 20), smokers without COPD (n = 5), and non-smokers (n =13).

Two-dimensional measurement of edge impurity emissions using space-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectrometer in Large Helical Device.

A space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer working in wavelength range of 50-500 Å has been developed to measure two-dimensional distribution of impurity spectral lines emitted from edge plasma of Large Helical Device (LHD), in which the magnetic field is formed by stochastic magnetic field with three-dimensional structure called ergodic layer. The two-dimensional measurement of edge impurity line emissions is carried out by scanning horizontally the observation chord of the space-resolved EUV spectrometer during single LHD discharge. Images of CIV (312.

Absolute intensity calibration of flat-field space-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectrometer using radial profiles of visible and extreme ultraviolet bremsstrahlung continuum emitted from high-density plasmas in Large Helical Device.

A precise absolute intensity calibration of a flat-field space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer working in wavelength range of 60-400 Å is carried out using a new calibration technique based on radial profile measurement of the bremsstrahlung continuum in Large Helical Device. A peaked vertical profile of the EUV bremsstrahlung continuum has been successfully observed in high-density plasmas (n(e) ≥ 10(14) cm(-3)) with hydrogen ice pellet injection. The absolute calibration can be done by comparing the EUV bremsstrahlung profile with the visible bremsstrahlung profile of which the absolute value has been already calibrated using a standard lamp.

Z(eff) measurement using extreme ultraviolet bremsstrahlung emission in LHD.

Radial profile measurement of Z(eff) using visible bremsstrahlung (5300 Å) in the Large Helical Device (LHD) has often encountered difficulties because the intensity profile was largely deformed by the nonuniform visible bremsstrahlung emissions from the edge ergodic layer surrounding the core plasma. A space-resolved flat-field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer has been newly adopted to measure the Z(eff) profile using the EUV bremsstrahlung continuum in the wavelength range of 70-75 Å. The EUV bremsstrahlung intensity profiles have been measured and checked for all the magnetic configurations with totally different magnetic field structures in the ergodic layer of LHD.

Space-resolved vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer system for edge impurity and temperature profile measurement in HL-2A.

A 1 m normal incidence vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer has been developed for spatial distribution measurement of edge impurity line emission in the wavelength range of 300-3200 A on HL-2A tokamak. A vertical profile of the impurity line emission is measured with a space-resolved slit placed between an entrance slit and a grating of the spectrometer. Two concave 1200 grooves/mm gratings blazed at 800 and 1500 A are set on a rotatable holder in the spectrometer, which gives wavelength dispersion of 0.

Space-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectrometer for impurity emission profile measurement in Large Helical Device.

A space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer working in 60-400 A range has been developed to observe impurity emission profiles in core and edge plasmas of Large Helical Device (LHD). A flat focus is made for plane surface detector by using a varied line spacing holographic grating with an angle of incidence of 87 degrees. An excellent spectral resolution of 0.

Spectroscopic evaluation of three different gratings used for a flat-field extreme ultraviolet spectrometer to monitor Delta n=1 transitions from medium-Z impurities in 10-30 A.

Spectral characteristics of varied line spacing 2400 grooves/mm gratings used for a flat-field extreme ultraviolet spectrometer have been evaluated to monitor Delta n=1 (n=2-3) transitions from medium-Z impurities in 10-30 A, where many spectral lines from metallic impurities closely exist. For this purpose emission spectra of the Delta n=1 transitions from partially L-shell-ionized Ti and Fe have been measured in large helical device. At first, a ruled and a holographic grating were utilized for the comparative study.

Characteristics of an absolutely calibrated flat-field extreme ultraviolet spectrometer in the 10-130 A range for fusion plasma diagnostics.

A flat-field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer with a nominal 2400 grooves/mm aberration-corrected ruled grating has been developed to analyze the emission spectrum in the wavelength range of 10 to 130 A from large helical device (LHD) plasmas. Spectral properties such as resolution, sensitivity, contribution of higher-order light, and background stray light have been studied using emission spectra mainly from intrinsic impurities, e.g.

Increased survival of muscle stem cells lacking the MyoD gene after transplantation into regenerating skeletal muscle.

MyoD is a myogenic master transcription factor that plays an essential role in muscle satellite cell (muscle stem cell) differentiation. To further investigate the function of MyoD in satellite cells, we examined the transplantation of satellite cell-derived myoblasts lacking the MyoD gene into regenerating skeletal muscle. After injection into injured muscle, MyoD(-/-) myoblasts engrafted with significantly higher efficiency compared with wild-type myoblasts.

Spectroscopic comparison between 1200 grooves/mm ruled and holographic gratings of a flat-field spectrometer and its absolute sensitivity calibration using bremsstrahlung continuum.

A flat-field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer with a varied line spacing groove grating (1200 grooves/mm at grating center) has been developed to study the emission spectra from highly ionized medium Z impurities in large helical device (LHD). It covers a wavelength range of 50-500 A using a mechanically ruled grating, which was later replaced by a newly developed laminar-type holographic grating for comparative studies. Differences in spectral resolution, intensities of higher order spectra, and sensitivities of the spectrometer were studied between the two gratings by observing the emission spectra of LHD plasmas.