Definition, criteria, and core concepts of guidelines for the management of obesity disease in Japan.

To identify those who might benefit from weight reduction within a large population of obese individuals, Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO) advocated the concept of "obesity disease." Here we summarize the definition, criteria, and core concepts for the management of obesity disease based on JASSO's latest guideline. JASSO defines obesity as excessive fat storage in adipose tissue associated with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m.

Atrial Fibrillation Had Less Impact on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Non-anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Insight from the RAKUEN study.

Objective The progress of non-anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing hemodialysis has not been determined. Using data from the RAKUEN (Registry of Atrial fibrillation in chronic Kidney disease Under hEmodialysis from Niigata) study, we examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes among hemodialysis patients with AF who were not receiving a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Methods and Results Forty-three of 423 patients undergoing hemodialysis (-10%) were prescribed a VKA.

Proteome Profiling of Diabetic Mellitus Patient Urine for Discovery of Biomarkers by Comprehensive MS-Based Proteomics.

Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects glucose homeostasis and causes complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). For early diagnosis of DN, microalbuminuria is currently one of the most frequently used biomarkers. However, more early diagnostic biomarkers are desired in addition to microalbuminuria.

Renal histopathological findings of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy.

Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) is a rare autosomal dominant systemic microvascular disease. Neurological disorders and visual disturbance are highlighted as manifestations of RVCL; however, there are few reports focused on nephropathy. Herein, we describe detailed renal histopathological findings in a daughter and father with RVCL, proven by TREX1 genetic analysis.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Pilot Trial of Rice Endosperm Protein Supplementation in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

In maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, low protein intake is associated with protein-energy wasting, a risk factor that affects outcome. However, increased protein intake may lead to hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia, which are also mortality risk factors. Here, we evaluated the safety and effects of purified rice endosperm protein (REP), which contains less phosphorus and potassium than soy and casein proteins, as a supplemental protein source for MHD patients.

Evaluation of calcium hydrogen carbonate mesoscopic crystals as a disinfectant for influenza A viruses.

In this study, the virucidal effect of a novel electrically charged disinfectant CAC-717 was investigated. CAC-717 is produced by applying an electric field to mineral water containing calcium hydrogen carbonate to generate mesoscopic crystals. Virus titration analysis showed a >3 log reduction of influenza A viruses after treatment with CAC-717 for 1 min in room temperature, while infectivity was undetectable after 15 min treatment.

The number of microvascular complications is associated with an increased risk for severity of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients: Results of a multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Aims/introduction: To explore the relationships between periodontitis and microvascular complications as well as glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 620 patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the prevalence and severity of periodontitis between patients with ≥1 microvascular complication and those without microvascular complications.

Dynamic prediction model and risk assessment chart for cardiovascular disease based on on-treatment blood pressure and baseline risk factors.

For patients with hypertension, an individual risk prediction tool for cardiovascular disease based on on-treatment blood pressure is needed and would be useful. The objective of this study was to establish a 3-year risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease based on data from 13 052 patients with no history of cardiovascular disease in the Olmesartan Mega study to determine the relationship between Cardiovascular Endpoints and Blood Pressure Goal Achievement study. To develop dynamic prediction models including on-treatment blood pressure, a Cox proportional hazard model using the sliding landmarking method with three landmark points (6, 12 and 18 months from baseline) was used.

Clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation: The RAKUEN (Registry of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis from Niigata) study.

Background: Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unclear.

Methods And Results: We studied 423 Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (age 65.2±12.

CDH13 Polymorphisms are Associated with Adiponectin Levels and Metabolic Syndrome Traits Independently of Visceral Fat Mass.

Aim: Visceral fat accumulation contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. As visceral fat accumulation increases, adiponectin levels decrease; therefore, adiponectin provides a link between visceral fat accumulation and metabolic disorders. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic variations in the cadherin 13 (CDH13) gene that are associated with adiponectin levels.

[Report based on fiscal 2010 diagnostic X-ray equipment questionnaire survey (conditions of radiography)].

This is the eighth investigation which has been carried out every 5 years since 1974 for the purpose of grasping the trend of X-ray devices and the radiographic condition. We gathered it up mainly on a radiographic condition, in this report. As for the chest radiography and double contrast gastrography, introduction of the flat panel detector (FPD) advanced in comparison with the last survey.

ADIPOQ polymorphisms are associated with insulin resistance in Japanese women.

Visceral fat accumulation contributes to the development of insulin resistance, leading to metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin provides a link between visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors play important roles in visceral fat accumulation and circulating adiponectin levels.

The importance of medical interview with CKD patient in diagnoses of a family with Fabry disease.

A 47-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of proteinuria, which was detected when he was 37 years of age. His creatinine clearance levels had fallen to 76.3 mL/min/1.

Lipid and blood pressure control for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients: a subanalysis of the OMEGA study.

Aim: The aim of this analysis was to investigate the relationships between dyslipidemia, achieved blood pressure (BP) values and the lipid levels, as well as the control of four cardiovascular risk factors (BP, low-density lipoprotein: LDL cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c: HbA1c and smoking) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in Japanese patients receiving antihypertensive therapy.

Methods: A total of 13,052 patients with no history of CVD were included in this subanalysis of the prospective observational OMEGA study in Japanese hypertensive patients treated with olmesartan. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the relationship with the risk of CVD.

The effects of partial use of formula diet on weight reduction and metabolic variables in obese type 2 diabetic patients--multicenter trial.

Aims: To clarify the usefulness of protein-sparing modified formula diet in obese type 2 diabetic patients, the effects of partial use of formula diet on weight reduction and changes in related metabolic variables, and the improving rates of risk factors per 1% body weight reduction, were compared with those of conventional subcaloric diet.

Subjects And Methods: Obese patients [BMI >25 kg/m²] with diabetic mellitus were randomly assigned to a low-caloric diet with partial use of formula diet group (FD, n = 119) and a conventional low-caloric diet group (CD, n = 110). Subjects in FD took one pack of formula diet (MicroDiet®, 240 kcal/pack) in place of one of three daily low-caloric meals for 24 weeks.

Effect of glycemic control on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease.

Aims/introduction: Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are closely related. A huge number of reports has addressed the effect of periodontal intervention therapy on glycemic control, but no reports have addressed the effect of glycemic intervention therapy on periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of improved glycemic control by glycemic intervention therapy on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients.

Risk factors for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and risk reduction by lipid control: the OMEGA study risk factor sub-analysis.

To identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hypertensive patients with no history of CVD being treated with antihypertensive drugs, we examined subgroup data (n = 13 052) from the prospective, observational Olmesartan Mega Study to Determine the Relationship between Cardiovascular Endpoints and Blood Pressure Goal Achievement (OMEGA) study. Risk factors for CVD, stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, the effect of statin therapy at baseline on CHD prevention was analyzed in dyslipidemic patients.

Toxicological evaluation and bioaccumulation potential of lolitrem B, endophyte mycotoxin in Japanese black steers.

Lolitrem B, a causative toxin for ryegrass staggers, is produced by Neotyphodium lolii infecting perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Japanese black cattle have been suspected to be more sensitive to lolitrem B than to other strains, and there has been a concern about the public health hazard of eating beef contaminated with lolitrem B. We carried out a feeding experiment to examine the sensitivity of Japanese black cattle to lolitrem B and the residual level of lolitrem B in several animal tissues.

NUDT3 rs206936 is associated with body mass index in obese Japanese women.

The predominant risk factor of metabolic syndrome is intra-abdominal fat accumulation, which is determined by waist circumference, waist-hip ratio measurements and visceral fat area (VFA); the latter can be accurately measured by performing computed tomography (CT). In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors play an important role in obesity and fat distribution. New genetic loci associated with body mass index (BMI) and adiposity have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

[Criteria of therapeutic effects on obesity].

Therapeutic effects of obesity disease (obesity as a disease) are determined by the weight reduction, decrease of visceral fat and improvement of comorbidities. Evaluation criterion of therapeutic effect is determined a decrease of more than 3% weight reduction, because improvement of comorbidities in obesity, especially visceral obesity, is observed in the weight loss of more than 3%. In obesity more than 30 in BMI or morbid obesity, it is necessary to weight reduction more than 5%.

Combined membranous nephropathy and crescentic glomerulonephritis with concurrent anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody and myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.

We report a case of a 71-year-old man with rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome and dual positivity for anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody and myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Renal biopsy revealed crescentic, mainly cellular, glomerulonephritis with granulomatous lesions, and advanced membranous changes. Membranous nephropathy had apparently existed for an extended period before the development of crescentic glomerulonephritis.

De novo acute hepatitis B in myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-related microscopic polyangiitis treated with corticosteroids.

An 82-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of low-grade fever, anemia, and rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome. Her laboratory data showed mild proteinuria, mild renal failure, and the presence of myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody. A skin biopsy specimen taken from the erythematous purpura revealed neutrophilic infiltration around the blood vessels with fibrinoid changes in the vessel walls.