An analysis of etiology, causal pathogens, imaging patterns, and treatment of Japanese patients with bronchiectasis.

Background: Bronchiectasis (BE), a syndrome that presents with persistent or recurrent bronchial sepsis related to irreversibly damaged and dilated bronchi, has not been well-characterized in Asians. This study aims to review the etiology, causal pathogens, imaging patterns, and treatment of BE and to define the prognostic factors for acute exacerbation in a Japanese population.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 147 patients (104 women; median age, 73 years; range, 30-95 years) with BE at our institution using high-resolution computed tomography to identify imaging patterns and the area of pulmonary involvement.

Pulmonary actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces cardiffensis.

We herein present the first case of pulmonary actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces cardiffensis (A. cardiffensis). A computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a nodule with cavitation in the left upper lobe of the lung.

Sarcoid-like reaction in Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

We report a patient with Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans infection, who developed a case of sarcoid-like reaction (SLR). There have been reports of SLRs associated with malignancies.

A case of sinobronchial syndrome complicated with myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis: review of the literature.

We report a case of long-standing sinobronchial syndrome complicated by microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) during the clinical course. The patient showed a mild elevation of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) 17 months prior to the diagnosis of MPA. Subsequently, her MPO-ANCA level gradually became more elevated, and finally her MPO-ANCA level peaked when purpura appeared.

[Clinical analysis of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis cases complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis].

Objectives: To clarify the clinical features of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) complicated with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), we analyzed 257 cases diagnosed with newly developed NTM during the last 12 years in our hospital.

Results: Fifty-six per cent of the patients were females. Ten cases (3.

[Pulmonary tuberculosis with atypical radiological findings in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

A 77-year-old-man who had been treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was referred to our hospital for further examination of a chest X-ray abnormality. The chest X-ray showed consolidation in the right upper and middle lung field. Chest computed tomography showed an airspace consolidation extending subpleurally and nonsegmentally without nodular lesions.

[A case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who acquired additional resistance to ethambutol before the result of the initial drug sensitivity test was reported].

On December 6, 2008, a 52-year-old man presented to a clinic with chronic cough, sputum, and chest discomfort, which had lasted since mid-November. Since the chest radiograph showed a small cavity with small nodules and granular shadows, he was referred to another hospital. On TB-PCR, the gastric juice was positive.

[A case of axillary lymph node tuberculosis with paradoxical worsening in breast lesion].

A 80-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of left axillary swelling. Needle biopsy specimen showed negative results on a smear for acid-fast bacilli and PCR. The histological findings showed epithelioid cell granuloma with caseous necrosis.

[A case of miliary tuberculosis and esophageal perforation secondary to tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis].

An 80-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital following transient disturbance of consciousness after a fall. High intermittent fever developed after hospitalization and she was diagnosed as having mediastinal abscess with esophageal perforation. She underwent mediastinal drainage and surgical repair of the esophagus.

[A case of severe pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD treated with epoprostenol].

A rare case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) was found in a 68-year-old man. COPD was diagnosed in his 50s, from which time he received home oxygen therapy. In January 2007, he was admitted due to progression of dyspnea.

[A case of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis after administration of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment for two times].

We reported a case in which multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was recognized after two courses of anti-tuberculosis treatment. A 41-year-old woman who had received two courses of anti-tuberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital due to productive cough, high fever and positive sputum smear showing acid fast bacillus. In the past treatment, drug susceptibility was unknown because of culture-negative TB.

[A suspected case of voriconazole-induced lung injury].

A 71-year-old man was initially given a diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection due to Mycobacterium intracellulare (M. intracellulare). The patient was admitted because chest roentgenogram and CT scanning showed a progression of infiltrating shadows in the bilateral upper lung fields.

[Quantiferon TB-2G among nurses with a history of working in our tuberculosis ward].

Purpose: To investigate the infection rate of tuberculosis among nurses with a history of working in our hospital's tuberculosis ward (TW).

Methods: We measured interferon gamma levels in 50 nurses who had worked in our TW, and evaluated the infection rate among these nurses before (I) and after (II) the use of our hospital's tuberculosis infection control manual.

Results: The infection rate including probable infection was 6/50 (12.

[A case of Mycobacterium intracellulare pleurisy without active lung lesion].

Pleural effusion without occurrence of active pulmonary lesion due to nontuberculous mycobacteria is extremely rare. We report a case of Mycobacterium intracellulare pleurisy in an 84-year-old woman. The patient was admitted to a nearby hospital because of dyspnea.

[A case of bronchocentric granulomatosis associated with Aspergillus that was difficult to differentiate from lung cancer].

We encountered a case of suspected bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCG) occurring in a COPD patient. Chest CT on admission showed a nodular shadow with indentation and a notch-like opacity in right S(3)a. Based on these findings, lung cancer was suspected.

[Case of pulmonary tuberculosis with both a solitary nodule and enlarged lymph nodes showing intense uptake on 18f-fluoro-deoxy glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) requiring differentiation from lung cancer].

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of an abnormal nodule in lung. Chest CT demonstrated a smooth nodular shadow in the left S6 and enlarged left hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Local uptake in these nodes was demonstrated on 18FDG-PET.

[Use of QuantiFeron TB-2G test on high-risk groups for tuberculosis infection at our hospital].

Purpose: To investigate the infection rate of tuberculosis in high-risk employees at our hospital.

Methods: We measured interferon gamma levels in 40 employees and evaluated the infection rate in doctors working in the Tuberculosis Ward (D group), nurses in the Tuberculosis Ward (N group), and other high-risk employees (O group).

Results: The overall infection rate including probable infection was 6/40 (15.

[Case of liver tuberculosis requiring differentiation from liver metastasis of cancer].

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue. Chest radiograph and computed tomograph showed bronchiectasis and centrilobular nodules in the right middle lobe and lingula, which had not changed from previous examination. Intrahepatic nodular lesions and swelling of the left cervical lymph nodes, supraclavicular lymph node, abdominal paraaortic lymph nodes and inguinal lymph nodes was observed.