Expressed emotion mediates the association between caregiver relationship closeness and psychological symptoms in people with dementia.

Aim: This study examines whether expressed emotion (EE) mediates the association between caregiver relationship closeness and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Methods: We recruited 64 families with dementia in Osaka and collected data for 3 months. Caregiver-patient relationship closeness was assessed using the Relationship Closeness Scale (RCS), and BPSD was measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q).

Motor involvement in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa type C.

The degeneration of pyramidal tracts has been reported in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) pathology (FTLD-TDP) type C. Herein, we examined the detailed pathology of the primary motor area and pyramidal tracts in the central nervous system in four autopsy cases of FTLD-TDP type C, all of which were diagnosed by neuropathological, biochemical, and genomic analyses. Three patients showed right dominant atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes, while the other patient showed left dominant atrophy.

Unusual Upper Cervical Spine Disorder and Non-traumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation in an Adult: A Case Report.

This study reports on an extremely rare case of non-traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) in an adult. Although there are numerous reports on traumatic AARF in adults, those on non-traumatic AARFs are limited. We present the case of a 25-year-old woman who developed neck pain with a limited range of motion (ROM) that began upon waking without any particular inducement.

Impact of landmark crater creation on improving accuracy of pedicle screw insertion in robot-assisted scoliosis surgery.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of the Landmark Crater (LC) method on pedicle perforation rates in robot-guided surgery for pediatric scoliosis for each pedicle diameter.

Methods: Seventy-six scoliosis patients underwent robot-assisted posterior spinal fusion. The cohort consisted of 19 male and 57 female patients, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 17.

Exploring expressed emotion and its influencing factors among family caregivers of dementia people: a 3-month study in Japan.

Background: Family caregivers of dementia patients face significant challenges, including managing their own emotional responses. Understanding factors influencing expressed emotion (EE) is crucial for effective support interventions. The aim of this study was to explore and describe changes in EE among family caregivers of dementia and its associated factors at different time points over 3 months.

Linear ether-based highly concentrated electrolytes for Li-sulfur batteries.

Li-S batteries have attracted attention as next-generation rechargeable batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness. Sparingly solvating electrolytes hold promise because they suppress the dissolution and shuttling of polysulfide intermediates to increase the coulombic efficiency and extend the cycle life. This study investigated the solubility of polysulfide (LiS) in a range of liquid electrolytes, including organic electrolytes, highly concentrated electrolytes, and ionic liquids.

Evolving better solvate electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries.

The overall performance of lithium batteries remains unmatched to this date. Decades of optimisation have resulted in long-lasting batteries with high energy density suitable for mobile applications. However, the electrolytes used at present suffer from low lithium transference numbers, which induces concentration polarisation and reduces efficiency of charging and discharging.

Utility of the Japanese version of the Clinical Dementia Rating® plus National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centre Behaviour and Language Domains for sporadic cases of frontotemporal dementia in Japan.

Background: We aimed to validate the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR®) dementia staging instrument plus the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centre Behaviour and Language Domains (CDR® plus NACC FTLD) for use in clinical settings in Japan and in the Japanese language.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 29 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from the Departments of Psychiatry at Osaka University Hospital and Asakayama General Hospital and the Brain Function Centre at Nippon Life Hospital. CDR® plus NACC FTLD, CDR®, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Neuropsychiatric Inventory-plus (NPI-plus), Stereotypy Rating Inventory (SRI), and frontal behavioural symptom scores obtained from items of NPI-plus and SRI, were conducted to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability, validity, and responsiveness.

Molecular Level Origin of Ion Dynamics in Highly Concentrated Electrolytes.

Single-ion conducting liquid electrolytes are key to achieving rapid charge/discharge in Li secondary batteries. The Li transference (or transport) numbers are the defining properties of such electrolytes and have been discussed in the framework of concentrated solution theories. However, the connection between macroscopic transference and microscopic ion dynamics remains unclear.

A heterozygous splicing variant IVS9-7A > T in intron 9 of the MAPT gene in a patient with right-temporal variant frontotemporal dementia with atypical 4 repeat tauopathy.

Right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia, also called right-predominant semantic dementia, often has an unclear position within the framework of the updated diagnostic criteria for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or primary progressive aphasia. Recent studies have suggested that this population may be clinically, neuropathologically, and genetically distinct from those with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or left-predominant typical semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Here we describe a Japanese case of right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia with novel heterozygous MAPT mutation Adenine to Thymidine in intervening sequence (IVS) 9 at position -7 from 3' splicing site of intron 9/exon 10 boundary (MAPT IVS9-7A > T).

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of High-Concentration Li[TFSA] Sulfone Solution: Effect of Easy Conformation Change of Sulfolane on Fast Diffusion of Li Ion.

The parameters of the polarizable force field used for molecular dynamics simulations of Li diffusion in high-concentration lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]) sulfone (sulfolane, dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, and ethyl--propylsulfone) solutions were refined. The densities of the solutions obtained by molecular dynamics simulations reproduced well the experimental values. The calculated concentration, temperature, and solvent dependencies of self-diffusion coefficients of ions and solvents in the mixtures well reproduce the experimentally observed dependencies.

Communication-related experiences of individuals in the early phase of semantic dementia and their families: an interview study.

Background: Semantic dementia (SD), a subtype of frontotemporal dementia, manifests as verbal symptoms, including social and behavioural deficits, associated with focal atrophy of the frontotemporal lobes. This study aimed to clarify the experiences of individuals with early-onset SD receiving speech and language rehabilitation (hereafter referred to as 'rehabilitation'), with the intent of making it routine, as well as the experiences of their families.

Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with nine families with members who had adopted rehabilitation.

On the concentration polarisation in molten Li salts and borate-based Li ionic liquids.

Electrolytes that transport only Li ions play a crucial role in improving rapid charge and discharge properties in Li secondary batteries. Single Li-ion conduction can be achieved liquid materials such as Li ionic liquids containing Li as the only cations because solvent-free fused Li salts do not polarise in electrochemical cells, owing to the absence of neutral solvents that allow polarisation in the salt concentration and the inevitably homogeneous density in the cells under anion-blocking conditions. However, we found that borate-based Li ionic liquids induce concentration polarisation in a Li/Li symmetric cell, which results in their transference (transport) numbers under anion-blocking conditions (abcLi) being well below unity.

Ion Transport in Glyme- and Sulfolane-Based Highly Concentrated Electrolytes.

Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) have a similarity to ionic liquids (ILs) in high ionic nature, and indeed some of HECs are found to behave like an IL. HCEs have attracted considerable attention as prospective candidates for electrolyte materials in future lithium secondary batteries owing to their favorable properties both in the bulk and at the electrochemical interface. In this study, we highlight the effects of the solvent, counter anion, and diluent of HCEs on the Li ion coordination structure and transport properties (e.

Real-world persistence of twice-weekly teriparatide and factors associated with the discontinuation in patients with osteoporosis.

Introduction: A 28.2 μg twice-weekly formulation of teriparatide (2/W-TPD) was developed to provide comparably high efficacy for osteoporosis to a 56.5 μg once-weekly formulation while improving the safety and persistence rate.

Li transference number and dynamic ion correlations in glyme-Li salt solvate ionic liquids diluted with molecular solvents.

Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) have attracted significant interest as promising liquid electrolytes for next-generation Li secondary batteries, owing to various beneficial properties both in the bulk and at the electrode/electrolyte interface. One particular class of HCEs consists of binary mixtures of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) and oligoethers that behave like ionic liquids. [Li(G4)][TFSA], which comprises an equimolar mixture of LiTFSA and tetraglyme (G4), is an example.

A prospective multicenter validation study of a machine learning algorithm classifier on quantitative electroencephalogram for differentiating between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's dementia.

Background And Purpose: An early and accurate diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is critical because treatments and prognosis of DLB are different from Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was carried out in Japan to validate an Electroencephalography (EEG)-derived machine learning algorithm for discriminating DLB from AD which developed based on a database of EEG records from two different European countries.

Methods: In a prospective multicenter study, patients with probable DLB or with probable AD were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio.

Using a Non-Wearable Actigraphy in Nursing Care for Dementia With Lewy Bodies.

People who have dementia with Lewy bodies often have sleep disorders. We used non-wearable devices to record and categorize the sleep patterns of patients with Lewy body dementia. Individual sleep data at a dementia-care unit in Japan were recorded using non-wearables.

Repetitive facilitative exercise under continuous electrical stimulation for recovery of pure motor isolated hand palsy after infarction of the "hand knob" area: A case report.

Purpose: Pure motor isolated hand palsy (PMIHP) following infarction of the "hand knob" area is a rare entity in stroke. PMIHP usually recovers within the first few days, but there are rare cases where patients do not recover rapidly. Herein, we report a case of residual PMIHP in which repetitive facilitative exercise under concurrent low-amplitude continuous neuromuscular electrical stimulation ("RFE-under-cNMES") was introduced to improve hand function.

An autopsy case of Alzheimer's disease with amygdala-predominant Lewy pathology presenting with frontotemporal dementia-like psychiatric symptoms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with several cognitive and behavioral symptoms. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish AD from FTD in a patient because both of them can exhibit clinical overlap. In the present study, we report a case of a patient who showed sychiatric symptoms mimicking the behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD) and combined AD amygdala-predominant Lewy pathologies on autopsy.

Factors influencing the quality of life in patients with severe dementia.

Background: A comprehensive understanding of the relevant factors involved in improving quality of life (QoL) is essential in patients with severe dementia; however, rating scales used in previous studies may not adequately reflect the factors that affect these patients. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to QoL using an evaluation scale suitable for patients with severe dementia.

Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital for recuperation in Hyogo prefecture in Japan.