MPP6 stimulates both RRP6 and DIS3 to degrade a specified subset of MTR4-sensitive substrates in the human nucleus.

Recent in vitro reconstitution analyses have proven that the physical interaction between the exosome core and MTR4 helicase, which promotes the exosome activity, is maintained by either MPP6 or RRP6. However, knowledge regarding the function of MPP6 with respect to in vivo exosome activity remains scarce. Here, we demonstrate a facilitative function of MPP6 that composes a specific part of MTR4-dependent substrate decay by the human exosome.

Diurnal rhythm regulates the frequency of carbachol-induced beta oscillation via inhibitory neural system in rat hippocampus.

Unlabelled: Animals have a diurnal rhythm with a cycle of approximately 1 day modulated by light information. This rhythm modulates memory performance. Relatedly, the hippocampal neural circuit has a dynamic property that can induce theta, beta, and gamma brain waves.

Correction: Depletion of mRNA export regulator DBP5/DDX19, GLE1 or IPPK that is a key enzyme for the production of IP6, resulting in differentially altered cytoplasmic mRNA expression and specific cell defect.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Depletion of mRNA export regulator DBP5/DDX19, GLE1 or IPPK that is a key enzyme for the production of IP6, resulting in differentially altered cytoplasmic mRNA expression and specific cell defect.

DBP5, also known as DDX19, GLE1 and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) function in messenger RNA (mRNA) export at the cytoplasmic surface of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. DBP5 is a DEAD-box RNA helicase, and its activity is stimulated by interactions with GLE1 and IP6. In addition, these three factors also have unique role(s).

Thermal death of Bacillus subtilis spores in oil-water systems.

The thermal death of the spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 in oil-water systems including emulsions and separated layers consisting of phosphate buffer and soybean oil or n-hexadecane was investigated. The resultant survivor curve consisted of two phases, an initial rapid reduction followed by a slow reduction, possibly as reflected by the death in the water phase and the oil phase, respectively. The concentration of oil in the system strikingly affected the pattern of thermal death.

In vivo suppression of mafA mRNA with siRNA and analysis of the resulting alteration of the gene expression profile in mouse pancreas by the microarray method.

Maf is a family of transcription factor proteins that is characterized by a typical bZip structure, and one of the large mafs, mafA is a strong transactivator of insulin. To explore the role of mafA in the pancreas, we modified the mafA mRNA level in vivo in mice by the RNA interference (siRNA) technique and analyzed the resulting alteration of the expressed gene profile with a microarray system. The mafA expression level in siRNA-treated mice was reduced approximately 60% compared with control-siRNA-treated animals.

A mathematical modelling for the cheliped regeneration with handedness in fiddler crab.

An enormously developed giant cheliped with the other small one characterizes the adult male fiddler crab. Some experiments with artificial severances of cheliped indicate that such a handedness in the cheliped size is maintained even after the regeneration of severed cheliped. Other experimental researches give some results about an unknown physiological system which controls the emergence and the regeneration of the handedness in the cheliped size.

Safety and efficacy of low-dose pioglitazone (7.5 mg/day) vs. standard-dose pioglitazone (15 mg/day) in Japanese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

It is well known that pioglitazone, a potent thiazolidinedione, improves metabolic control. However, weight gain or peripheral edema may be of major clinical concern when using this agent. The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate the effects of low-dose pioglitazone (7.

Potential roles of large mafs in cell lineages and developing pancreas.

Objectives: Maf is a family of transcription factor proteins characterized by a typical bZip structure, and mafA, a member of the large-maf family, is a strong transactivator of insulin in cell lines. The present study investigated the expression profiles of the large-maf family proteins in porcine pancreatic tissue and in primary culture cells.

Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed to localize each maf protein.

Negative correlation between bone mineral density and TSH receptor antibodies in male patients with untreated Graves' disease.

Introduction: Although it has been established that hyperthyroidism leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), with accelerated bone turnover promoting bone resorption in female patients, there is a dearth of data for male patients with hyperthyroidism. This study evaluated BMD and bone metabolism in male patients with Graves' disease.

Methods: The study included 56 Japanese male patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease and 34 normal Japanese male control subjects of similar age and body mass index.

Clinical significance of risedronate for osteoporosis in the initial treatment of male patients with Graves' disease.

It has been well established that hyperthyroidism leads to diminished bone mineral density (BMD), and that a previous history of hyperthyroidism remains a risk factor for fractures. However, little is known about how to manage the reduction in BMD caused by hyperthyroidism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of risedronate for the treatment of osteoporosis/osteopenia in patients with Graves' disease (GD).

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma associated with Graves' disease.

This report concerns a 79-year-old woman with coexisting anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and Graves' disease (GD). The patient was referred to our clinic because of palpitation and a palpable mass on the left side of her neck. Thyroid function tests showed hyperthyroidism with elevated thyroid-stimulating antibodies.

Detection of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live mice and rats exposed to UVA light: a research review on chemiluminescence and trials for UVA protection.

The harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) exposure on the skin are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion radical ( O(2)(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical ( OH), and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) as well as with lipid peroxides and their radicals (LOOH and LOO ). To give direct proof that such ROS are generated in UV-exposed skin, we proposed the in vivo detection and imaging method in which both a sensitive and specific chemiluminescence (CL) probe, such as CLA, and an ultralow-light imaging apparatus with a CCD camera were used. With this method we found that O(2)(-) is formed intrinsically and that (1)O(2) and O(2)(-) are generated in the UVA-exposed skin of mice.

Effects of antisecretory agents on angiogenesis during healing of gastric ulcers.

Background: We studied the effects of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and an H2-receptor antagonist (H2-blocker) on angiogenesis during gastric ulcer healing, by examining stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression in the gastric mucosa.

Methods: Patients with gastric ulcers were allocated to an untreated control group, consisting of patients with active ulcers (GA), healing ulcers (GH), and ulcer scars (GS) or a PPI group (P; given rabeprazole at 20 mg/day), or an H2-blocker group (H; given nizatidine at 800 mg/day). Frozen sections of biopsy specimens were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze SDF-1 and CXCR4 mRNA.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma without metastases manifesting as an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule.

A 59-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma inside of an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule is described in this report. The patient was referred to our clinic because of rapid weight loss and swelling on the left side of the neck. Ultrasonography of the thyroid demonstrated a nonhomogeneous nodule in the lower part of an enlarged left lobe.

Relation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha to vascular endothelial growth factor and vasoactive factors during healing of gastric ulcers.

We studied the relation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) to vascular endothelial growth factor and vasoactive factors during the healing of gastric ulcers. The gastric ulcers were divided into three stages (active stage, healing stage and scar stage). The expression of HIF-1alpha, endothelin-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was highest during the active stage of ulcer healing, and endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels and nitric oxide were higher during the healing stage.

Decreased bone mineral density at the distal radius, but not at the lumbar spine or the femoral neck, in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

The purpose of this study is to assess the association between type 2 diabetes and bone mineral density. This study included 145 Japanese patients (64 men and 81 women) with type 2 diabetes and 95 non-diabetic control subjects (41 men and 54 women) of similar age. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the sites with different cortical/cancellous bone ratio (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and distal radius) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Roles of angiogenic factors and endothelin-1 in gastric ulcer healing.

Endothelins (ETs) participate directly and indirectly in angiogenesis via ET receptors. During early fetal angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1) are required for the development of the systemic vasculature. In late angiogenesis, stromal-cell-derived factor (SDF-1) and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) act in an organ-specific manner to promote the formation and development of large blood vessels supplying the gastrointestinal tract.