Executive summary: Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases 2021.

Allergic conjunctival disease (ACD) is an inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva that is mainly caused by type I hypersensitivity response to allergens and accompanied by subjective symptoms and other findings induced by antigens. ACD is classified as allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. This article summarizes the third edition of the Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases published in 2021 and outlines the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of ACD.

Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases 2020.

The definition, classification, pathogenesis, test methods, clinical findings, criteria for diagnosis, and therapies of allergic conjunctival disease are summarized based on the Guidelines for Clinical Management of Allergic Conjunctival Disease 2019. Allergic conjunctival disease is defined as "a conjunctival inflammatory disease associated with a Type I allergy accompanied by some subjective or objective symptoms." Allergic conjunctival disease is classified into allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Reduced steroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation in tacrolimus-treated refractory allergic ocular diseases.

Purpose: To determine whether topical tacrolimus can lessen steroid-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation.

Study Design: Open cohort post hoc analysis study.

Methods: Five hundred eleven patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis or atopic keratoconjunctivitis (mean age 17.

Epidemiological aspects of allergic conjunctivitis.

The prevalence of ocular allergies has been increasing worldwide for the past several decades. The geographical distribution and hot spots of rhinoconjunctivitis have been documented in a global survey by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). ISAAC indicated that Africa, Latin America, and Japan were notable for their high prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis.

Air pollution significantly associated with severe ocular allergic inflammatory diseases.

Ambient air pollution is a well-recognized risk for various diseases including asthma and heart diseases. However, it remains unclear whether air pollution may also be a risk of ocular allergic diseases. Using a web-based, nation-wide, cross-sectional study design, we examined whether the level of ambient air pollution is significantly associated with the prevalence of ocular allergic diseases.

Topical Tacrolimus for Chronic Allergic Conjunctival Disease with and without Atopic Dermatitis.

: This study evaluated the efficacy of topical 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension for treating chronic allergic conjunctival disease with and without atopic dermatitis. : This study was conducted as a prospective observational post-market survey.

Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases 2017.

The definition, classification, pathogenesis, test methods, clinical findings, criteria for diagnosis, and therapies of allergic conjunctival disease are summarized based on the Guidelines for Clinical Management of Allergic Conjunctival Disease (Second Edition) revised in 2010. Allergic conjunctival disease is defined as "a conjunctival inflammatory disease associated with a Type I allergy accompanied by some subjective or objective symptoms." Allergic conjunctival disease is classified into allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Steroid-Sparing Effect of 0.1% Tacrolimus Eye Drop for Treatment of Shield Ulcer and Corneal Epitheliopathy in Refractory Allergic Ocular Diseases.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of 0.1% topical tacrolimus alone or in combination with steroids for the treatment of shield ulcers and corneal epitheliopathy in patients with refractory allergic ocular diseases.

Design: Open cohort study.

Therapeutic effects of 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops for refractory allergic ocular diseases with proliferative lesion or corneal involvement.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of topical 0.1% tacrolimus in treating refractory allergic conjunctivitis with proliferative lesions and/or corneal involvement.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 1436 patients with refractory allergic conjunctivitis whose condition had responded poorly to conventional antiallergic drugs and/or topical steroids and/or topical cyclosporine.

Prospective clinical evaluation of 1.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution in ophthalmic perioperative disinfection.

Purpose: Gram-positive cocci and Propionibacterium acnes are widely reported agents of infectious postoperative endophthalmitis. This multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the eradication effectiveness and safety profile of levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution (LVFX 1.

[A quality of life questionnaire for Japanese allergic conjunctival disease].

Purpose: To establish a specific quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for Japanese allergic conjunctival disease (ACD) (Japanese allergic conjunctival disease QOL questionnaire: JACQLQ).

Subjects And Methods: A multicenter study was conducted in 521 patients with ACD and 127 healthy volunteers (total 648 cases). The JACQLQ ver.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of subjective symptoms, objective findings, and of a total tear IgE detection kit in diagnosis of allergic conjunctival diseases].

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of subjective symptoms, objective findings, and of a total tear IgE test kit in the diagnosis of allergic conjunctival diseases (ACD).

Subjects And Methods: The subjects were 223 patients with ACD, diagnosed according to the clinical practice guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases in 28 medical facilities in Japan. The ACD patients were divided into the following five groups: 84 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), 52 patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), 41 patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), 38 patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and 8 patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC).

Blood level of tacrolimus in patients with severe allergic conjunctivitis treated by 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension.

Background: To estimate the efficacy and safety of 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension based on the blood level of tacrolimus in patients with severe allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: Fifty-two patients in whom topical anti-allergic agents had been ineffective were treated with 0.

Comparison of wavefront-guided aspheric laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia: coaxially sighted corneal-light-reflex versus line-of-sight centration.

Purpose: To compare refractive outcomes, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and contrast sensitivity of myopic wavefront-guided aspheric laser in situ keratomileusis centered on the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex or on the line of sight.

Setting: Okamoto Eye Clinic, Ehime, Japan.

Design: Comparative case series.

[A prospective, observational, all-prescribed-patients study of cyclosporine 0.1% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis].

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical cyclosporine 0.1% in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Methods: All patients who were prescribed topical cyclosporine 0.

Epidemiological and virological features of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to new human adenovirus type 54 in Japan.

Background/aims: New human adenovirus (HAdV)-54 causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and is virologically close to and has occasionally been detected as HAdV-8. Taking HAdV-54 into account, we re-determined HAdV type in EKC samples to determine its epidemiology in Japan, and examined the virological features of HAdV-54.

Methods: HAdV type was re-determined in 776 conjunctival swabs from Japan and 174 from six other countries, obtained between 2000 and 2009.

Comparison of myopic LASIK centered on the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex or line of sight.

Purpose: To compare refractive outcomes of myopic LASIK with centration on the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex (CSCLR) to centration on the center of the pupil (line of sight [LOS]).

Methods: The NIDEK CXIII excimer laser was used to treat 268 eyes with centration on the CSCLR (CSCLR group) and 288 eyes with centration on the LOS (LOS group). For the CSCLR group, the laser ablation was delivered 80% closer to the visual axis.

A large prospective observational study of novel cyclosporine 0.1% aqueous ophthalmic solution in the treatment of severe allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel cyclosporine 0.1% aqueous ophthalmic solution in a large population with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).

Methods: A prospective observational postmarketing study was initiated in Japan.

Effect of NIDEK optimized aspheric transition zone ablation profile on higher order aberrations during LASIK for myopia.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the Optimized Aspheric Transition zone profile (OATz) that was devised to minimize the "red ring" in corneal topography on ocular higher order aberrations following LASIK for myopia.

Methods: Laser in situ keratomileusis with OATz using the Nidek Advanced Vision Excimer Laser Platform (NAVEX) was performed on 22 eyes with a 4.5-mm optical zone and 8.

Comparison of efficacy of bromfenac sodium 0.1% ophthalmic solution and fluorometholone 0.02% ophthalmic suspension for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Aims: Bromfenac sodium (BF) 0.1% was compared with fluorometholone (FML) 0.02% for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis when concomitantly used with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 2.

The effect of a combined therapy with a histamine H1 antagonist and a chemical mediator release inhibitor on allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a combined therapy with levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension and pemirolast potassium ophthalmic solution compared to single therapy with levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension alone.

Methods: Thirty-two allergic conjunctivitis patients were randomized to combined-treatment (n = 15) or single-treatment groups (n = 17). The improvement of subjective symptoms as well as objective findings were evaluated.

Incidence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in patients on either systemic or topical alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of Intraoperative Floppy Iris syndrome (IFIS) in relation to the usage of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists.

Design: Prospective, interventional case series.

Methods: In 2,643 consecutive eyes of 1,968 patients undergoing cataract surgery, occurrence of IFIS and use of alpha(1) antagonists were recorded.