Gaps and Barriers to the Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Hospitals of Pakistan.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia, mainly due to inadequate infection prevention and control (IPC) and the widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Pakistan is the third largest low-middle-income country (LMIC) user of antibiotics. Antibiotic consumption increased by 65%, from 800 million to 1.

EVALUATION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) EXPRESSION IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA: A POSSIBLE PROGNOSTIC ROLE.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is a subtype of urinary bladder cancer which carries a higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that 90% of the patients presenting to the hospitals with history of bladder cancer are diagnosed with urothelial carcinomas. Objective of the study was to evaluate the strength of EGFR expression and its prognostic role in urothelial carcinoma.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its component abnormalities among school age Pakistani children.

Background: Concurrence of central adiposity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and atherogenic dyslipidaemia has been termed as the metabolic syndrome. High prevalence of the syndrome has been reported globally over the last decade.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a sample of eighty five children, ranging in age from six to twelve years.