Massachusetts Pediatric Injury Equity Review (MassPIER): A Process to Address Injury Inequities.

Objectives: Significant inequities in pediatric injury outcomes exist. We aim to develop a process to assist child death review (CDR) teams in identifying upstream factors that lead to inequitable outcomes in pediatric injuries.

Methods: We spent 6 months (November 2021-April 2022) working with 3 CDR teams in Massachusetts to understand their tools and processes for CDR.

Shared Decision-Making and Collaborative Care Models for Pain Management: A Scoping Review of Existing Evidence.

This article aims to summarize the existing evidence on shared decision-making and collaborative care models for acute and chronic pain management. We searched the PubMed database for articles published between 1980 and 2023 and scanned included articles' references to identify additional sources. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts.

Injury prevention in the US Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting programme.

Background: Many home-based interventions have been demonstrated to reduce unintentional and intentional injuries in young children aged 0-4 years, but an understanding of their inclusion in federally-funded home visiting programmes in the USA is needed.

Methods: The study team administered a survey to key informants at each of the 21 home visiting models approved for United States Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program funding being implemented in 2023. Respondents were based across the United States and in other developed countries.

Structural housing elements associated with injuries in older adults in the USA.

Objective: To quantify the unintentional injuries associated with housing elements among older adults treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs). To identify modifiable home hazards.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) coding manual was reviewed to identify all codes associated with housing elements that were permanently attached to a home.

Unintentional injury prevention in American Indian and Alaska Native communities: a scoping review of the Indian Health Service Primary Care Provider newsletter.

Background: Unintentional injuries disproportionately impact American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. Developing effective and culturally tailored data collection and intervention programs requires an understanding of past prevention efforts in AI/AN communities, but limited peer-reviewed literature on the topic is available. This scoping review aims to summarize efforts that have been published in the Primary Care Provider newsletter, a source of gray literature available through the Indian Health Service.

Pathway toward Scalable Energy-Efficient Li-Mediated Ammonia Synthesis.

Lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis (LiMAS) is an emerging electrochemical method for NH production, featuring a meticulous three-step process involving Li electrodeposition, Li nitridation, and LiN protolysis. The essence lies in the electrodeposition of Li, a critical phase demanding current oscillations to fortify the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and ensure voltage stability. This distinctive operational cadence orchestrates Li nitridation and LiN protolysis, profoundly influencing the NH selectivity.

Defective Assistive Device Involvement in Older Adult Emergency Department Visits.

Background And Objectives: Many older adults adopt equipment to address physical limitations and reduce dependence on others to complete basic activities of daily living. Although a few prior studies have considered injuries associated with assistive devices for older adults, those studies focused on older adults' health and functional risks for injury. There is limited analysis of older adult injuries involving defective or malfunctioning assistive devices.

Surveillance methods and interventions implemented in American Indian and Alaska Native communities to increase child restraint device and seat belt use in motor vehicles: a systematic review.

Background: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children are disproportionately affected by injuries and deaths related to motor vehicle crashes. We aimed to synthesise published evidence on surveillance methods and interventions implemented in AI/AN communities and analyse characteristics that make them successful in increasing child restraint devices and seat belt use.

Methods: Studies were collected from the PubMed, Scopus, and TRID databases and the CDC Tribal Road Safety website, Community Guide, and Indian Health Service registers.

Medication Safety Counseling Practices of Pediatric Primary Care Clinicians.

Medication exposures and poisonings are a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Unsafe patient practices are well documented despite the American Academy of Pediatrics recommending that pediatric primary care clinicians discuss medication safety with patients. Current clinician counseling practices for pediatric patients are unknown.

DeepPatent2: A Large-Scale Benchmarking Corpus for Technical Drawing Understanding.

Recent advances in computer vision (CV) and natural language processing have been driven by exploiting big data on practical applications. However, these research fields are still limited by the sheer volume, versatility, and diversity of the available datasets. CV tasks, such as image captioning, which has primarily been carried out on natural images, still struggle to produce accurate and meaningful captions on sketched images often included in scientific and technical documents.

CHASE (Children's Housing Assessment for a Safe Environment): a protocol for the inspection and modification of injury risks in children's homes.

Background: Decades of research and practice experience have led to an extensive body of evidence about effective home safety modifications. However, the benefits of safety modifications have not reached all segments of society. Poor quality housing in low-income neighborhoods, along with limited access to safety products and injury prevention information, can be significant barriers to child safety.

Using the NEISS database to understand pressure cooker related injuries in the USA.

Objective: To determine the incidence of pressure cooker related injuries in US hospital emergency departments. To quantify injury patterns associated with pressure cookers and inform prevention recommendation messaging.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried to identify injuries associated with pressure cookers between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2019.

Understanding the circumstances of paediatric fall injuries: a machine learning analysis of NEISS narratives.

Objectives: Falls are the leading cause of non-fatal injury among young children. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the circumstances contributing to medically attended paediatric fall injuries among 0-4 years old.

Methods: Cross-sectional data for falls among kids under 5 years recorded between 2012 and 2016 in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was obtained.

"Before I Could Get Him, He Fell": Experiences, Concerns, and Fall Prevention Strategies of Parents With Young Children.

Little is known about parents' perceptions and prevention strategies regarding childhood falls. In this qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, we sought to describe parental reports of child fall experiences, concerns, and prevention strategies in the home. Sixteen parents with at least one child younger than 18 months were asked about their awareness of fall risks, falls experienced by the child, fall concerns, prevention strategies, and where in the home the child spends time throughout the day.

The cost burden of hospital-treated tap water scald burns in the United States.

Objective: We aimed to determine the cost burden and epidemiology of hospital-treated, tap water scald burns in the United States to inform consideration of policy proposals to require thermostatic mixing valves with all new water heaters.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed using the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project (HCUP). We queried the samples to examine the prevalence, cost, and epidemiology of hospital-treated, tap water scald burns.

Safety Concerns in Mobility-Assistive Products for Older Adults: Content Analysis of Online Reviews.

Background: Older adults who have difficulty moving around are commonly advised to adopt mobility-assistive devices to prevent injuries. However, limited evidence exists on the safety of these devices. Existing data sources such as the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System tend to focus on injury description rather than the underlying context, thus providing little to no actionable information regarding the safety of these devices.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Decedents Undergoing Forensic Postmortem Examination: Feasibility for Real-Time Pandemic Surveillance.

Background: Population-based seroprevalence studies offer comprehensive characterization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread, but barriers exist and marginalized populations may not be captured. We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody seroprevalence among decedents in Maryland over 6 months in 2020.

Methods: Data were collected on decedents undergoing forensic postmortem examination in Maryland from 24 May through 30 November 2020 from whom a blood specimen could be collected.

State and city laws governing the use of child restraint systems in rideshare vehicles and taxicabs: requirements and responsibility.

Objectives: To identify, describe and critique state and local policies related to child passenger safety in for-hire motor vehicles including ridesharing and taxis.

Methods: We used standard legal research methods to collect policies governing the use of child restraint systems (CRS) in rideshare and taxi vehicles for all 50 states and the 50 largest cities in the USA. We abstracted the collected policies to determine whether the policy applies to specific vehicles, requires specific safety restraints in those vehicles, lists specific requirements for use of those safety restraints, seeks to enhance compliance and punishes noncompliance.

Working With Fire Departments to Adapt and Implement Evidence-Based Programs That Increase Uptake of Smoke Alarms: A Case-Series Report.

We describe a partnership between an academic injury center and three U.S. fire departments to adapt and implement strategies for promoting smoke alarm programs.

It Is Not the Batteries! Smoke Alarm Presence and Functionality 5 to 7 Years Postinstallation of Sealed Lithium Battery Alarms.

Smoke alarms with lithium batteries have been marketed as long life or "10-Year Alarms." Previous work has drawn into question the actual term of functionality for lithium battery alarms. This article reports on observed smoke alarm presence and functionality in a sample of 158 homes that had participated in a fire department smoke alarm installation program 5 to 7 years prior to the observations.

Efficacy of a mobile technology-based intervention for increasing parents' safety knowledge and actions: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Leading causes of unintentional child injury such as poisoning and falls are preventable, and the majority occur in the home. Numerous home safety interventions have been developed and tested to increase safety behaviors; however, no smart phone-based applications (apps) have been developed and evaluated for this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a mobile technology-based health behavior change intervention, the Make Safe Happen® app, was an effective tool to increase safety knowledge and safety actions/behaviors for the prevention of child unintentional injuries in and around the home.

An Exploration of Emergency Department Visits for Home Unintentional Injuries Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder for Evidence to Modify Injury Prevention Guidelines.

Objectives: Current childhood injury prevention guidance is anchored by a child's age. For example, children are considered at high risk for falls at ages 4 years and less, and guidance for prevention focuses on these ages. However, these guidelines may not be adequate for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Evaluating a smartphone application to increase the quantity and improve the quality of supervised practice driving.

Background: The learner stage of graduated driver licensing (GDL), when teenagers are supervised by an adult driver, represents an opportunity to develop skills that could confer a safety benefit during their years of independent driving. This paper describes the design of a teenage driving study, which aims to evaluate the impact of a smartphone application, the 'DrivingApp,' to increase the quantity and improve the quality of supervised practice driving.

Methods: This longitudinal intervention study of teenage drivers and a parent/guardian spans the final 6 months of the learner licence and the first year of independent driving.

The Pull-through Anastomosis of Ureter to Enteric Conduit (PAUTEC): A Novel Technique for Urinary Diversion.

Objective: To describe and illustrate a novel technique of uretero-ileal anastomosis for use in urinary diversion - the Pull-through Anastomosis of Ureter To Enteric Conduit (PAUTEC). A second objective was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of the PAUTEC anastomosis.

Materials And Methods: Our novel anastomotic technique was described step-by-step and visually depicted with illustrations and the accompanying narrated video.