Effects of pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of first-litter female swine.

A total of 64 gilts initially weighing 120 kg were used to evaluate body composition occurring during pregnancy and lactation. All animals were fed a 14% protein corn-soybean meal diet. Eight gilts were slaughtered each at breeding, 57 and 105 d postcoitum and at 5 and 25 d postpartum, with a corresponding number of nongravid females killed at similar periods except at 5 d postpartum.

Changes in swine body composition from birth to 145 kg.

An experiment using 81 crossbred swine was conducted to evaluate quantitative and percentage chemical compositional changes of swine from 1.5 kg (birth) to 145 kg body weight. Groups of eight pigs were sacrificed at 1.

Efficacy of deuterium oxide to estimate body composition of growing swine.

An experiment involving 73 pigs was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution procedure for in vivo estimation of body composition in swine. Pigs were infused with known quantities of D2O at 6.4 and 18 kg and then at approximately 18 kg increments to 145 kg body weight.

Augmentation of alpha-adrenergic contractions in the trachealis muscle of living dogs.

Discrepancies exist between reported effects of histamine on the alpha-adrenergic responsiveness of the canine trachealis muscle. Therefore, using an in situ preparation described recently (J. Appl.

Technetium-99m labelled bran: a new agent for measuring gastric emptying.

Bran was labelled with 99mTc-pertechnetate, ingested as part of a normal meal and used to measure gastric emptying in 15 normal subjects and in 15 patients with ulcerative colitis. There was no significant difference between the gastric emptying curves of the normal subjects and the patients, suggesting that rapid gastric emptying does not contribute to diarrhoea in ulcerative colitis.

The toxicity of antibiotics to plant cell cultures.

We have examined the toxicity of over twenty antibiotics to protoplast-derived cells of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. The least toxic antibiotics are the betalactams: ampicillin, carbenicillin and the cephalosporins can be used to provide broad spectrum antimicrobial activity without significant toxicity to plant cells. Similar broad spectrum activity can also be obtained by combining rifampicin and trimethoprim.

Characterization of tracheal mast cell reactions in vivo. Inhibition by a beta-adrenergic agonist.

In 12 anesthetized dogs, we tested the effects of pharmacologic beta-adrenergic stimulation on the severity of tracheal mast cell reactions in vivo (Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119:62). In control dogs, tracheal arterial injections of compound 48/80 produced arteriovenous differences in histamine concentrations across the trachea (35 +/- 15 ng/ml), but not the lung; this finding suggested selective degranulation of tracheal mast cells. Tracheal arteriovenous histamine differences correlated (r = 0.

Calcium phosphate deposition disease in great danes.

A new clinicopathologic syndrome, possibly familial, in Great Dane dogs, resembles the familial childhood variant of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposit disease in man, except that the mineral deposits were composed of amorphous calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite rather than pyrophosphate. The syndrome was characterized clinically by paraplegia and incoordination in very young puppies which was caused by concentric constriction of the posterior cervical spinal cord. Canal stenosis resulted from dorsal displacement of the seventh cervical vertebra and deformation of the vertebral articular processes.

Parasympathetic innervation of the cervical trachealis muscle in living dogs.

In 34 anesthetized dogs, we characterized the pathways by which parasympathetic fibers were carried to the cervical trachealis muscle. Nerves were stimulated electrically, and tracheal tension was monitored in segments of the posterior membrane in vivo as described previously (J.K.

A rapid quantitative method for the preparation of 123I-iodo-hippuric acid.

The labelling of o-iodo-hippuric acid (hippuran) with 123I by several methods was investigated with a view to producing a simple one-step kit preparation. The requirements for the final product are high labelling efficiency and high radiochemical purity. A method which incorporates CuSO4 .

Radionuclide studies of the lower urinary tract.

The results of prospective experimental and clinical studies into the use of radionuclides in the evaluation of urinary flow rates and residual urine volume estimations are presented. The results indicate that the radionuclide estimation of flow rates is accurate, but complex and time-consuming compared with other available methods. The calculation of residual urine is simple and accurate where residual volumes are not extremely large.

The dilated non-obstructed renal pelvis.

This paper discusses 28 patients with renal pelvic dilatation in whom obstruction was excluded by excretion urography and diuresis renography. The clinical presentation and progress of the patients over a follow-up period of 1 to 5 years are presented. One patient required pyeloplasty, one developed 2 asymptomatic pelvic calculi and one showed some deterioration in function on the affected side.

The effect of increased motility on absorption from the canine colon.

The absorption of water and electrolytes and intraluminal pressure were measured from Thirty-Vella loops in 4 dogs under basal conditions and during electrical stimulation of the colonic smooth muscle. Pulse wave electrical stimulation via serosal silver/silver chloride electrodes gave rise to significant increases in both intraluminal pressure and percentage motility. Absorption of water, sodium and chloride was significantly increased during stimulation but the transport of ammonia, bicarbonate and potassium was not significantly affected.

Capillary blood flow in the canine colon and other organs at normal and raised portal pressure.

Capillary blood flow in the canine colon and other organs has been assessed over a wide range of portal pressures using radio-labelled microspheres. The proximal colon received a greater proportionate flow than the distal region. At both normal and raised pressures, the mucosa received 90% of the total colonic capillary flow.

Regional left ventricular wall motion from first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography using an Anger camera. Experimental and clinical study.

Experimental studies with a balloon phantom, and clinical studies were performed to evaluate first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography using a gamma camera in the assessment of regional wall motion. The phantom studies showed that choice of isocount contour was not critical in edge detection. Adequate count densities could be achieved, but only at the expense of temporal resolution.

Shigella dysenteriae I enterotoxin: proposed role in pathogenesis of shigellosis.

Bacterial strains of Shigella dysenteriae I (3818-T and 3818-O) and Shigella enterotoxin altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. These agents were compared with activity caused by sterile culture broth or sterile saline. The altered myoelectric activity was characterized by two distinct complexes: repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAP), characteristic of invasive strains of bacteria, and the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), characteristic of noninvasive bacteria.

Fibrinogen in the 'hepato-renal syndrome': an experimental study.

The pathogenesis of renal failure in jaundice is controversial. Several factors have been incriminated, including intravascular coagulation. We have investigated this hypothesis by by studying the deposition of radioactive fibrinogen in the kidney of jaundiced rats.

The preparation and composition of HIDA.

The compositions of four "brands" of Tc-HIDA-dimethyl HIDA (Sorin Biomedica), diethyl HIDA (Solco), diethyl HIDA (The Radiochemical Centre), and para-butyl HIDA (Sorin Biomedica)--were investigated at varying times after their preparation from "instant kits", by using Sephadex gel column chromatography. Up to three peaks of activity were seen in each chromatogram, representing free reduced technetium, the monocomplex, and the biscomplex of Tc-HIDA respectively. In all cases the free reduced technetium component diminished to reach a plateau at less than 4% of total activity, by 1 h.

The plasma protein binding of HIDA.

By using Sephadex gel column chromatography to separate substances into their various components according to molecular weight, we have investigated the effect of incubating several "brands" of HIDA in plasma, in vitro. The results show that such incubation has no effect on either dimethyl HIDA, or diethyl HIDA, but that in the case of para-butyl HIDA, incubation in plasma increases the Rf value to that of HSA (human serum albumin). This indicates that para-butyl HIDA becomes bound to plasma proteins, in contrast to both dimethyl HIDA and diethyl HIDA.

Effects of wide variations in portal pressure on mesenteric blood flow and absorption from the canine colon.

Splanchnic blood flow was studied over a wide range of portal pressures in five dogs. An inverse linear relationship between flow and pressure was found in the range from 6 to 42 mmHg. The colonic absorption of ammonia, water, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and chloride was measured in four dogs over a similar range of portal pressures.