The measles virus matrix F50S mutation from a lethal case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis promotes receptor-independent neuronal spread.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a lethal neurological disorder occurring several years after measles. Reconstruction of the evolution of the measles virus (MeV) genome in an SSPE case suggested that the matrix (M) protein mutation M-F50S, when added to other mutations, drove neuropathogenesis. However, whether and how M-F50S would promote spread independently from other mutations was in question.

The Application of Emotion Valence Ratios in Facial Emotion Recognition for Detecting Depression Among Older Adults in Institutional Settings.

Developing evidence-based parameters to enhance the reliability of face emotion recognition (FER) systems in detecting depression among the elderly is essential. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the ratio of each emotion valence captured by the FER system and heart rate variability (HRV) while participants watch a video in relation to their depression scores. YOLO, an open-source data analysis toolkit, was used to extract three facial emotion valence features (neutral, positive, and negative) and determine the ratio of each emotion valence over time during video viewing.

Narrow-bandwidth silicon photonic CROW filter for carrier-extracted self-coherent (CESC) detection.

In this Letter, we report a second-order silicon photonic (SiP) coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) filter with an ultra-narrow 10-dB bandwidth of 1.75 GHz and a high extinction ratio (ER) of ∼50 dB. By utilizing this CROW filter, we demonstrated an innovative self-coherent detection, called carrier-extracted self-coherent (CESC) detection.

The frequency and function of nucleoprotein-specific CD8 T cells are critical for heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus infection.

Unlabelled: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) mediate host defense against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and tumors. However, the magnitude of CTL response and their function needed to confer heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus infection are unknown. We addressed the role of CD8 T cells in the absence of any cross-reactive antibody responses to influenza viral proteins using an adenoviral vector expressing a 9mer amino acid sequence recognized by CD8 T cells.

Developing a Swallow-State Monitoring System Using Nasal Airflow, Surface Electromyography, and Thyroid Cartilage Movement Detection.

The safe ingestion of food and water requires appropriate coordination between the respiratory and swallowing pathways. This coordination can be disrupted because of aging or various diseases, thereby resulting in swallowing disorders. No comparative research has been conducted on methods for effectively screening swallowing disorders in individuals and providing timely alerts to their caregivers.

Weight-adaptive joint mixed-precision quantization and pruning for neural network-based equalization in short-reach direct detection links.

Neural network (NN)-based equalizers have been widely applied for dealing with nonlinear impairments in intensity-modulated direct detection (IM/DD) systems due to their excellent performance. However, the computational complexity (CC) is a major concern that limits the real-time application of NN-based receivers. In this Letter, we propose, to our knowledge, a novel weight-adaptive joint mixed-precision quantization and pruning approach to reduce the CC of NN-based equalizers, where only integer arithmetic is taken into account instead of floating-point operations.

Physiological Biomarkers for Assessment of Pain during Routine Blood Tests for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Residential Care.

Objective: Evaluating pain in individuals with dementia can be difficult when verbal communication is limited. Vocalization has emerged as a potential avenue for assessments of pain in nonverbal populations. This study aimed to evaluate if physiological assessments of vocalization were correlated with observational assessments of pain during routine blood tests for persons with dementia.

Modified SiP single-polarization CADD receiver.

In cost-sensitive application scenarios, increasing the data rate per channel under a limited receiver bandwidth is critical, and thus, the transceivers with low costs and high electrical spectral efficiencies (ESEs) are highly desirable. In this Letter, we demonstrate a modified silicon photonic (SiP) carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) receiver with a record ESE for single polarization. The ESE of the conventional CADD is mainly limited by the transfer function that originated from the optical delay and hybrid.

Impact of non-Gaussian noise on GMI and LDPC performance in neural network equalized systems.

In this Letter, the impact of non-Gaussian noise caused by a nonlinear equalizer on low-density parity-check code (LDPC) performance is investigated in a 25-km 50-Gb/s pulse amplitude modulation4 (PAM4) direct detection system. The lookup table (LUT)-based log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation method is proposed to enhance the LDPC performance for the non-Gaussian noise case. Compared to the conventional LLR calculation method based on Gaussian distribution, the proposed method can improve 0.

Phase noise-induced interference for coherently detected OTDR systems.

The phase noise-induced interference (PNII) in coherently detected OTDR systems is investigated. A close-form relationship between signal to (interference) noise ratio (SNR) and laser linewidth is derived for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and numerical simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results. Additionally, the proportion of noise composition of PNII is studied.

Development of a tool for monitoring the jaw-opening pace and preliminary comparison the pace between young and old ages.

Background: Studies have demonstrated that high-speed jaw-opening exercises are effective in improving swallowing function. However, there has been no objective tool available for monitoring jaw-opening pace. This study aimed to develop an objective tool for monitoring and validating jaw-opening pace and compare it between young and old ages from different age groups.

Brain tropism acquisition: The spatial dynamics and evolution of a measles virus collective infectious unit that drove lethal subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

It is increasingly appreciated that pathogens can spread as infectious units constituted by multiple, genetically diverse genomes, also called collective infectious units or genome collectives. However, genetic characterization of the spatial dynamics of collective infectious units in animal hosts is demanding, and it is rarely feasible in humans. Measles virus (MeV), whose spread in lymphatic tissues and airway epithelia relies on collective infectious units, can, in rare cases, cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a lethal human brain disease.

The effect of a web-based self-care instruction on symptom experience and quality of life in living liver donors: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Living liver donors need help to manage symptom distress and improve their quality of life. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a web-based symptom self-care instruction on symptom experience and health-related quality of life of living liver donors.

Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial.

A Novel Packaging of the MEMS Gas Sensors Used for Harsh Outdoor and Human Exhale Sampling Applications.

Dust or condensed water present in harsh outdoor or high-humidity human breath samples are one of the key sources that cause false detection in Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gas sensors. This paper proposes a novel packaging mechanism for MEMS gas sensors that utilizes a self-anchoring mechanism to embed a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter into the upper cover of the gas sensor packaging. This approach is distinct from the current method of external pasting.

Multi-Sensor Respiratory-Swallow Telecare System for Safe Feeding in Different Trunk Inclinations: System Development and Clinical Application.

Proper positioning is especially important to ensure feeding and eating safely. With many nursing facilities restricting visitations and close contact during the coronavirus pandemic, there is an urgent need for remote respiratory-swallow monitoring. This study aimed to develop a semiautomatic feeding telecare system that provides instant feedback and warnings on-site and remotely.

Video-Based Behaviorally Coded Movement Assessment for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: Application in Leg Dribbling Performance.

Measuring motor performance in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) is quite challenging. The objective of this study was to compare the motor performances of individuals with ID and those with typical development (TD) during soccer dribbling through video-based behavior-coded movement assessment along with a wearable sensor. A cross-sectional research design was adopted.

The correlation between two occlusal analyzers for the measurement of bite force.

Background: Occlusal force represents masticatory function. Using quantifiable occlusal indicators provides a more objective occlusal force evaluation. In the recent dental practice, digital methods such as the Dental Prescale II (DP2, GC Corp.

Updated Review on Species: 2006-2021.

This review serves as an update to the previous review by Brown-Elliott et al. published in 2006 (B. A.

Vibrio salinus sp. nov., a marine nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the lagoon sediment of an islet inside an atoll in the western Pacific Ocean.

A marine, facultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain DNF-1, was isolated from the lagoon sediment of Dongsha Island, Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were Gram-negative rods that were motile by means of monotrichous flagella. Cells grown on plate medium produced prosthecae and vesicle-like structures.

Deep-learning-enabled high-performance full-field direct detection with dispersion diversity.

Data center interconnects require cost-effective photonic integrated optical transceivers to meet the ever-increasing capacity demands. Compared with a coherent transmission system, a complex-valued double-sideband (CV-DSB) direct detection (DD) system can minimize the cost of the photonic circuit, since it replaces two stable narrow-linewidth lasers with only a low-cost un-cooled laser in the transmitter while maintaining a similar spectral efficiency. In the carrier-assisted DD system, the carrier power accounts for a large proportion of the total optical signal power.

Feature issue introduction: ultra-wideband optical communications.

This Feature Issue covers the important aspects to develop ultra-wideband optical communication systems including optoelectronics, impairment modeling and compensation, optical amplification, superchannel and multi-band transmission and control, and so forth. This Introduction provides a summary of the articles on these topics in this Feature Issue.

Carrier-assisted differential detection with reduced guard band and high electrical spectral efficiency.

For high-capacity and short-reach applications, carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) has been proposed, in which the optical field of a complex-valued double sideband (DSB) signal is reconstructed without using a sharp-edge optical bandpass filter or local oscillator laser. The CADD receiver features a transfer function with periodical nulls in the frequency domain, while the signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) is severely amplified around the frequency nulls of the transfer function. Since the null magnitude at the zero frequency is inevitable, a guard band is required between the carrier and the signal, leading to a higher receiver bandwidth and implementation cost.

Sensors for Wheelchair Tennis: Measuring Trunk and Shoulder Biomechanics and Upper Extremity Vibration during Backhand Stroke.

This study was the first to compare the differences in trunk/shoulder kinematics and impact vibration of the upper extremity during backhand strokes in wheelchair tennis players and the able-bodied players relative to standing and sitting positions, adopting an electromagnetic system along with wearable tri-axial accelerometers upon target body segments. A total of 15 wheelchair tennis players and 15 able-bodied tennis players enrolled. Compared to players in standing positions, wheelchair players demonstrated significant larger forward trunk rotation in the pre-preparation, acceleration, and deceleration phase.

Human adenovirus infections in pediatric population - An update on clinico-pathologic correlation.

Human adenoviruses can cause infections at any age but most commonly in pediatric population, especially in young children and infants. By the time of 10 years old, most children have had at least one episode of adenovirus infection. Adenoviruses can cause many symptoms similar to common cold, including rhinorrhea, fever, cough, and sore throat.