Exposed Hsp70-binding site impacts yeast Sup35 prion disaggregation and propagation.

The dynamic balance between formation and disaggregation of amyloid fibrils is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple chaperones interact with and disaggregate amyloid fibrils, which impacts amyloid propagation and cellular phenotypes. However, it remains poorly understood whether and how site-specific binding of chaperones to amyloids facilitates the concerted disaggregation process and modulates physiological consequences in vivo.

Association of serum metabolites with frailty phenotype and its components: a cross-sectional case-control study.

New insights into the metabolic mechanisms of frailty are needed. This study aimed to identify serum metabolites linked to frailty phenotype and its component through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis among community-dwelling older individuals. An exploratory, cross-sectional case-control study.

Characteristics and Clinical Assessment of Elbow Pain in Youth Baseball Players.

Elbow injuries related to the throwing motion in baseball during the growth period present difficulties for early detection and may cause serious future disabilities. This study aimed to comprehensively determine the characteristics and clinical assessment of elbow pain in youth baseball players. Two hundred and sixteen young baseball players underwent elbow medical examination.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of FOLFIRI-Based First-Line Regimens for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Clinical Decision Analysis.

Objective: Metastatic colorectal cancer with KRAS wild type is treated using a range of drug regimens, including fluorouracil, irinotecan, and Leucovorin(FOLFIRI)plus bevacizumab(Bmab), cetuximab(Cmab), or panitumumab(Pmab). The present study aimed to identify the optimal regimen using a decision analysis method, in combination with clinical and economic evidence.

Method: A simple Markov model with a monthly cycle time was constructed.

Proposal and validation of an equation to identify sarcopenia using bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived parameters.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a simpler approach for diagnosing sarcopenia by using only bioelectrical impedance vector analysis parameters.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted based on the Itabashi Longitudinal Study on Aging, a community-based cohort study, with data collected from the 2022 and 2023 surveys in Itabashi Ward, Tokyo, Japan.

Incidence and characteristics of aspiration pneumonia in the Nagasaki Prefecture from 2005 to 2019.

Background: Aspiration pneumoniae remains a major health concern, particularly in the older population and has poor prognosis; however, the concept itself remains vague worldwide. This study aimed to determine the actual situation and characteristics of aspiration pneumonia from 2005 to 2019 in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

Methods: Cases of aspiration pneumonia that occurred in the Nagasaki Prefecture between 2005 and 2019 were analyzed using emergency transportation records.

Effect of acute moderate-intensity cycling on cfDNA levels considering menstrual cycle phases.

Introduction: We aimed to determine the effects of exercise on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels and concentration changes during the menstrual cycle in participants with regular menstrual cycles and no exercise habits.

Methods: Eleven sedentary female students with regular menstrual cycles and ovulation performed bicycle exercises at 60% VO for 30 min during the menstrual, ovulatory, and luteal phases. Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post 0), 30 min after (Post 30), and 60 min after (Post 60) exercise.

Association between dynapenia and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese adults: The IRIDE Cohort Study.

Aim: Muscle mass and strength correlate with cognitive function; however, it remains unclear whether dynapenia (i.e., muscle weakness with preserved muscle mass) is relevant.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib for Inoperable or Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Background: Palbociclib and endocrine therapy has been approved to treat hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative inoperable or recurrent breast cancer in Japan. However, this cotherapy imposes an economic burden on both patients and society because of its high cost. In this study, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of cotherapy with palbociclib and fulvestrant compared to fulvestrant monotherapy for inoperable or recurrent breast cancer.

Effect of freezing of gait and dopaminergic medication in the biomechanics of lower limbs in the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease compared to neurologically healthy.

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the effects of medication, and the freezing of gait (FoG) on the kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait in people with Parkinson's disease (pwPD) compared to neurologically healthy.

Methods: Twenty-two people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD in ON and OFF medication (11 FoG), and 18 healthy participants (control) were selected from two open data sets. All participants walked on the floor on a 10-meter-long walkway.

Factors Associated with Low Inter-Session Reliability of Conditioned Pain Modulation in Older People with or Without Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.

Purpose: Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a measurement of the descending pain pathways that inhibit or facilitate afferent noxious stimuli. The reliability of CPM in older individuals with or without chronic musculoskeletal pain has not been sufficiently reported. This study aimed to examine the inter-session reliability of CPM in these cohorts and the factors in CPM reliability.

A public data set of walking full-body kinematics and kinetics in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Background: To our knowledge, there is no Parkinson's disease (PD) gait biomechanics data sets available to the public.

Objective: This study aimed to create a public data set of 26 idiopathic individuals with PD who walked overground on ON and OFF medication.

Materials And Methods: Their upper extremity, trunk, lower extremity, and pelvis kinematics were measured using a three-dimensional motion-capture system (Raptor-4; Motion Analysis).

Discovery of a Novel ATP-Competitive MEK Inhibitor DS03090629 that Overcomes Resistance Conferred by BRAF Overexpression in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma.

Patients with melanoma with activating BRAF mutations (BRAF V600E/K) initially respond to combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, their clinical efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, in some cases driven by amplification of the mutant BRAF gene and subsequent reactivation of the MAPK pathway. DS03090629 is a novel and orally available MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK in an ATP-competitive manner.

Progression of microstructural deterioration in load-bearing immobilization osteopenia.

Purpose: Immobilization osteopenia is a major healthcare problem in clinical and social medicine. However, the mechanisms underlying this bone pathology caused by immobilization under load-bearing conditions are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate sequential changes to the three-dimensional microstructure of bone in load-bearing immobilization osteopenia using a fixed-limb rat model.

Discovery of DS-3801b, a non-macrolide GPR38 agonist with N-methylanilide structure.

Motilin is a 22-amino-acid gastrointestinal (GI) hormone and is involved in the regulation of GI motility through binding to GPR38, the motilin receptor which is expressed on smooth muscle cells in the GI tract. Therefore, GPR38 agonists are expected to be novel gastrointestinal prokinetic agents for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroparesis and chronic constipation. We identified a series of N-methylanilide derivatives as novel non-macrolide GPR38 agonists.

Mist chemical vapor deposition of crystalline MoSatomic layer films using sequential mist supply mode and its application in field-effect transistors.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) mono/bilayer have been systematically investigated using atmospheric-pressure mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) from (NH)MoSdissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a precursor. Film deposition was performed by alternating MoSmist storage within a closed chamber and mist exhaust, i.e.

protein that binds to and activates platelet specifically reacts with sera of -associated chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by antiplatelet antibodies and/or CD8 + T cells, resulting in the destruction of platelets and decreased platelet counts. that persistently colonizes the stomach causes various disorders, including extragastric diseases such as chronic ITP (cITP). Several studies have reported increased platelet counts in -infected cITP patients with eradication treatment and also the pathophysiological pathways involving cross-reaction of antibodies against with platelets, the modulation of Fcrγ receptors balance and others.