Construction of a Modified Clip Cage and Its Effects on the Life-History Parameters of (Fabricius) and Defense Responses of .

Clip cages are commonly used to confine aphids or other small insects to a single leaf when conducting plant-small insect interaction studies; however, clip cages are usually heavy or do not efficiently transmit light, which has an impact on leaf physiology, limiting their application. Here, simple, lightweight, and transparent modified clip cages were constructed using punched clear plastic cups, cut transparent polyvinyl chloride sheets, nylon organdy mesh, and bent duck-bill clips. These cages can be clipped directly onto dicot leaves or attached to monocot leaves with bamboo skewers and elastic bands.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Resistant Tetraploid Wheat () under (F.) Infestation.

The grain aphid (Fabricius) is one of the most destructive pests of wheat (). Deployment of resistant wheat germplasm appears as an excellent solution for this problem. Elite bread wheat cultivars only have limited resistance to this pest.