Intracellular cAMP signaling-induced Ca influx mediated by calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) in human odontoblasts.

In odontoblasts, intracellular Ca signaling plays key roles in reactionary dentin formation and generation of dentinal pain. Odontoblasts also express several G protein-coupled receptors that promote production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). However, the crosstalk between intracellular cAMP and Ca signaling, as well as the role of cAMP in the cellular functions of odontoblasts, remains unclear.

Effects of Psychogenic Stress Frequency during the Growth Stage on Oxidative Stress, Organ and Bone Development.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of psychogenic stress (PS) frequency on oxidative stress and organ development during growth and to gain fundamental insights into developmental processes during this period.

Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control and three PS groups according to PS frequencies. PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks.

Effect of Dental Local Anesthetics on Reactive Oxygen Species: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, plays an important role in various dental diseases. Local anesthetics are frequently used in dentistry. The potential antioxidant activity of dental local anesthetics can contribute to dental practice.

Upregulation of in the salivary glands of mice exposed to a lunar gravity environment using the multiple artificial gravity research system.

Space is a unique environment characterized by isolation from community life and exposure to circadian misalignment, microgravity, and space radiation. These multiple differences from those experienced on the earth may cause systemic and local tissue stress. Autonomic nerves, including sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, regulate functions in multiple organs.

Effects of psychogenic stress on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity at different growth stages of rats: Experimental study.

This study examined the psychogenic stress (PS) effects on changes in oxidative stress and the antioxidant capacity of an organism at different growth stages. The experimental animals were male Wistar rats of five different ages from growth periods (GPs) to old age. The growth stages were randomly classified into control (C) and experimental (PS) groups.

Differential molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition by selenium methyltransferases, INMT and TPMT, in selenium detoxification and excretion.

It is known that the recommended dietary allowance of selenium (Se) is dangerously close to its tolerable upper intake level. Se is detoxified and excreted in urine as trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) when the amount ingested exceeds the nutritional level. Recently, we demonstrated that the production of TMSe requires two methyltransferases: thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and indolethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT).

Comparison of Lidocaine and Mepivacaine for Variation in Regional Tissue Oxygenation in Stellate Ganglion Block: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial.

Introduction This prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial aimed to investigate the effect of different types of local anesthetics on regional tissue blood oxygenation on the stellate ganglion block (SGB). Methods Twenty eligible patients were recruited for this study; 16 of whom were allocated to the study protocol. Participants were randomized into one of the two crossover sequences: 1% lidocaine hydrochloride or 1% mepivacaine hydrochloride, and received SGBs with 6 mL of any one of the local anesthetics, followed by a washout period of more than 24 hours, and then received SGBs by substituting the two local anesthetics.

Modelling Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome using disease-specific iPSCs.

Takenouchi-Kosaki Syndrome (TKS) is a congenital multi-organ disorder caused by the de novo missense mutation c.191A > G p. Tyr64Cys (Y64C) in the CDC42 gene.

Intracellular cAMP Signaling Pathway via G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation in Rat Primary Cultured Trigeminal Ganglion Cells.

G protein-coupled receptors in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are often associated with sensory mechanisms, including nociception. We have previously reported the expression of P2Y receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors, in TG cells. Activating P2Y receptors decreased the intracellular free Ca concentration ([Ca]).

Functional Expression of IP, 5-HT, D, A, and VIP Receptors in Human Odontoblast Cell Line.

Odontoblasts are involved in sensory generation as sensory receptor cells and in dentin formation. We previously reported that an increase in intracellular cAMP levels by cannabinoid 1 receptor activation induces Ca influx via transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 channels in odontoblasts, indicating that intracellular cAMP/Ca signal coupling is involved in dentinal pain generation and reactionary dentin formation. Here, intracellular cAMP dynamics in cultured human odontoblasts were investigated to understand the detailed expression patterns of the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway activated by the G protein-coupled receptor and to clarify its role in cellular functions.

Functional Expression of Mechanosensitive Piezo1/TRPV4 Channels in Mouse Osteoblasts.

Mechanical stress is an important regulatory factor in bone homeostasis. Mechanical stimulation of osteoblasts has been shown to elicit an increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca ([Ca]). The pattern of functional expression of mechanosensitive ion channels remains unclear, however.

Piezo1-pannexin-1-P2X axis in odontoblasts and neurons mediates sensory transduction in dentinal sensitivity.

According to the "hydrodynamic theory," dentinal pain or sensitivity is caused by dentinal fluid movement following the application of various stimuli to the dentin surface. Recent convergent evidence has shown that plasma membrane deformation, mimicking dentinal fluid movement, activates mechanosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP)/Piezo channels in odontoblasts, with the Ca signal eliciting the release of ATP from pannexin-1 (PANX-1). The released ATP activates the P2X receptor, which generates and propagates action potentials in the intradental Aδ afferent neurons.

Gα-Coupled CGRP Receptor Signaling Axis from the Trigeminal Ganglion Neuron to Odontoblast Negatively Regulates Dentin Mineralization.

An inflammatory response following dental pulp injury and/or infection often leads to neurogenic inflammation via the axon reflex. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the occurrence of the axon reflex in the dental pulp remains unclear. We sought to examine the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway in odontoblasts via the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and intercellular trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuron-odontoblast communication following direct mechanical stimulation of TG neurons.

Direct Mechanical Stimulation Mediates Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Cultured Trigeminal Ganglion Cells.

Trigeminal neuralgia occurs in the orofacial region, characteristically causing pain that feels like a transient electric shock. Some histopathological studies have reported that trigeminal neuralgia is caused by mechanical compression of the demyelinated trigeminal nerve; the pathophysiological mechanism behind this phenomenon remains to be clarified, however. Cell-cell interactions have also been reported to be involved in the development and modulation of some types of neuropathic pain.

C-Mannosylated tryptophan-containing WSPW peptide binds to actinin-4 and alters E-cadherin subcellular localization in lung epithelial-like A549 cells.

The Trp-x-x-Trp (W-x-x-W) peptide motif, a consensus site for C-mannosylation, is the functional motif in cytokine type I receptors or thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily proteins. W-x-x-W motifs are important for physiological and pathological functions of their parental proteins, but effects of C-mannosylation on protein functions remain to be elucidated. By using chemically synthesized WSPW peptides and C-mannosylated WSPW peptides (C-Man-WSPW), we herein investigated whether C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides confer additional biological functions to WSPW peptides.

Mechanical Stimulation-Induced Calcium Signaling by Piezo1 Channel Activation in Human Odontoblast Reduces Dentin Mineralization.

Odontoblasts play critical roles in dentin formation and sensory transduction following stimuli on the dentin surface. Exogenous stimuli to the dentin surface elicit dentinal sensitivity through the movement of fluids in dentinal tubules, resulting in cellular deformation. Recently, Piezo1 channels have been implicated in mechanosensitive processes, as well as Ca signals in odontoblasts.

Macrothrombocytopenia of Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome is ameliorated by CDC42 specific- and lipidation inhibitors in MEG-01 cells.

Macrothrombocytopenia is a common pathology of missense mutations in genes regulating actin dynamics. Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome (TKS) harboring the c.191A > G, Tyr64Cys (Y64C) variant in Cdc42 exhibits a variety of clinical manifestations, including immunological and hematological anomalies.

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) Upregulates the Expression of in Direct Pulp Capping in the Rat Molar.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is an alternative endodontic material that predicts conductive or inductive calcified tissue formation from immature pulp mesenchymal stem cells (IPMSCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether MTA could promote reparative odontoblast differentiation via IPMSCs in the early phase of regeneration and compare with calcium hydroxide (CH). Direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide (CH), MTA, and MTA with platelet-rich plasma (MTA + PRP) was performed on maxillary first molars of 8-week-old male Wistar rats ( = 36).

Plasma Membrane Ca-ATPase in Rat and Human Odontoblasts Mediates Dentin Mineralization.

Intracellular Ca signaling engendered by Ca influx and mobilization in odontoblasts is critical for dentinogenesis induced by multiple stimuli at the dentin surface. Increased Ca is exported by the Na-Ca exchanger (NCX) and plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA) to maintain Ca homeostasis. We previously demonstrated a functional coupling between Ca extrusion by NCX and its influx through transient receptor potential channels in odontoblasts.

Functional Coupling between the P2X Receptor and Pannexin-1 Channel in Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons.

The ionotropic P2X receptor, P2X, is believed to regulate and/or generate nociceptive pain, and pain in several neuropathological diseases. Although there is a known relationship between P2X receptor activity and pain sensing, its detailed functional properties in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons remains unclear. We examined the electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of the P2X receptor and its functional coupling with other P2X receptors and pannexin-1 (PANX1) channels in primary cultured rat TG neurons, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings.

Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels and Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels in Human Cementoblasts.

Cementum, which is excreted by cementoblasts, provides an attachment site for collagen fibers that connect to the alveolar bone and fix the teeth into the alveolar sockets. Transmembrane ionic signaling, associated with ionic transporters, regulate various physiological processes in a wide variety of cells. However, the properties of the signals generated by plasma membrane ionic channels in cementoblasts have not yet been described in detail.

Neuropathophysiological significance of the c.1449T>C/p.(Tyr64Cys) mutation in the CDC42 gene responsible for Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome.

Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome (TKS) is an autosomal dominant congenital syndrome, of which pathogenesis is not well understood. Recently, a heterozygous mutation c.1449T > C/p.