Core-shell FeO@Au nanocomposite as dual-functional optical probe and potential removal system for arsenic (III) from Water.

We report for the very first time, development of a dual functional nanocomposite to perform as an optical probe as well as removal system for As(III) from ground water. Upon suitable thiolation using dithiothreitol (DTT), the FeO(core)-Au(shell) nanocomposite (DTT-FeO@Au) has been fabricated that can detect As(III) in aqueous solution with significantly low limit of detection and holds potential for selective removal of As(III) from water owing to its magnetic core. Due to high affinity of -SH groups for As(III), the nanoparticles undergo aggregation in the presence of As(III), resulting in a significant decrease in absorbance, yielding the limit of detection (LOD) as 0.

A chemical quenching- and physical blocking-based method to minimize process-mediated aggregation of antibody-crosslinked nanoparticles for imaging application.

Critical limitation of nanoparticles (NP) is their aggregation after functionalisation and antibody cross-linking. We analysed the cause of this aggregation with respect to functionalities (carboxyls and amines) on the NP surface. We have devised a low cost novel method to reduce such aggregations during protein cross-linking and validated it by probing the platelet surface with platelet surface-specific anti-CD41 antibody conjugated NPs.

Dendrimer driven self-assembly of SPR active silver-gold nanohybrids.

A fourth generation PAMAM dendrimer has been successfully employed for the development of a single step synthesis strategy for self-assembled Ag-Au nanohybrid structures. The surface plasmon resonance properties and the degree of self-assembly of the nanohybrid are strongly correlated with the stoichiometry of the metals which gives rise to enhanced plasmonic properties. The enhanced plasmonic response of the nanohybrids is modeled and is validated experimentally in a model HRP (horseradish peroxidise) bioassay carried out on an SPR-based biochip platform.

Synthesis and characterization of model silica-gold core-shell nanohybrid systems to demonstrate plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence.

In this work, gold-silica plasmonic nanohybrids have been synthesized as model systems which enable tuning of dye fluorescence enhancement/quenching interactions. For each system, a dye-doped silica core is surrounded by a 15 nm spacer region, which in turn is surrounded by gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The GNPs are either covalently conjugated via mercapto silanization to the spacer or encapsulated in a separate external silica shell.

Synthesis and characterization of a Noble metal Enhanced Optical Nanohybrid (NEON): a high brightness detection platform based on a dye-doped silica nanoparticle.

A highly bright and photostable, fluorescent nanohybrid particle is presented which consists of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) embedded in dye-doped silica in a core-shell configuration. The dye used is the near-infrared emitting 4,5-benzo-5'-(iodoacetaminomethyl)-1',3,3,3',3'-pentamethyl-1-(4-sulfobutyl) indodicarbo cyanine. The nanohybrid architecture comprises a GNP core which is separated from a layer of dye molecules by a 15 nm buffer layer and has an outer protective, undoped silica shell.

Label-free optical characterization methods for detecting amine silanization-driven gold nanoparticle self-assembly.

Fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS) is presented as a single-step label-free detection method for probing the amine silanization-driven spontaneous 3D self-assembly of freestanding gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in solution. Unlike the conventional methods of studying self-assembly, for example, UV-vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy, FLCS utilizes the intrinsic gold fluorescence. The significance of this approach is to amalgamate the measurement of optical and hydrodynamic size properties simultaneously to achieve a more coherent description of the self-assembly pathway.

Novel multiparametric approach to elucidate the surface amine-silanization reaction profile on fluorescent silica nanoparticles.

This Article addresses the important issue of the characterization of surface functional groups for optical bioassay applications. We use a model system consisting of spherical dye-doped silica nanoparticles (NPs) that have been functionalized with amine groups whereby the encapsulated cyanine-based near-infrared dye fluorescence acts as a probe of the NP surface environment. This facilitates the identification of the optimum deposition parameters for the formation of a stable ordered amine monolayer and also elucidates the functionalization profile of the amine-silanization process.

Fluorescence lifetime analysis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy elucidate the internal architecture of fluorescent silica nanoparticles.

Fluorescence lifetime (FL) analysis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) have been successfully employed to reveal detailed information about the internal architecture of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs). The dual-component lifetime behavior shows a two-domain dye distribution in the NP as a function of solvent accessibility. The introduction of an undoped silica shell serves to stabilize the outer dye fraction that is manifest as an increase in lifetime.

Thermal hysteresis of some important physical properties of nanoparticles.

Gold nanoparticles show thermal hysteresis with properties such as surface plasmon absorption, conductivity, and zeta potential. The direction of the incremental change in plasmon peak position and its extinction depend on the nature of surface conjugation. The thermal profile of a surface plasmon resonance spectrum for nanoparticles may serve as a signature for the associated small molecule or macromolecule on which it is seeded.

Controllable self-assembly from fibrinogen-gold (fibrinogen-Au) and thrombin-silver (thrombin-Ag) nanoparticle interaction.

Fibrinogen conjugated gold nanoparticles (fibrinogen-Au) and thrombin conjugated silver nanoparticles (thrombin-Ag) were synthesized by heating (90 degrees C) the proteins (50 microg protein/ml) with 1mM AgNO(3) or AuCl(3). The resultant particles were harvested and examined by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission emission microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering. SEM and TEM images revealed that the fibrinogen-Au and thrombin-Ag particles interacted.

Compensatory secondary structure alterations in protein glycation.

Glycation, a local covalent interaction, leads to alterations in secondary and tertiary structures of hemoglobin, the changes produced by fructose being more pronounced than those caused by glucose. The Stokes diameter of hemoglobin increases upon glycation from 7 to 14 nm and a concurrent inter-chain cross-linking and heme loss are also observed, particularly in the later stage of glycation. An initial increase of tryptophan (trp) fluorescence was observed in both glucation and fructation.

Potential of cadmium sulphide nanorods as an optical microscopic probe to the folding state of cytochrome C.

The folding behavior of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) conjugated with CdS nanorods (CdSnr) is amenable to monitoring by bright field microscopy, the porosity and percolating behavior of such protein conjugated nanoclusters depending on the folding history prior to the conjugation. The method has been used to predict the thermal melting behavior as well as guanidine hydrochloride induced unfolding of Cyt-C. Dynamic light scattering studies indicate that the size distribution of the nanoforms widens in presence of the protein.

A size dependent folding contour for cytochrome C.

The paper describes an experimental construct of the folding route of the heme protein cytochrome-C. The construct highlights a slowing down near the nose of the folding funnel caused by the multiplicity of the energy traps near the native conformation created as a result of complex heme-peptide interaction. Interestingly the hydrodynamic size, the size heterogeneity and peroxidase activity serve as a triple measure of the distance of this near equilibrium departure from native conformation.