Functional analysis of and under low-phosphate stress in maize.

Unlabelled: The PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE REGULATOR (PHR) plays a crucial regulatory role in plants during the process of responding to phosphate starvation. In this study, we combined reverse genetics and biotechnology to investigate the function of and , including proteins containing the Myb_DNA_banding and Myb_CC-LHEQLE structural domains, in maize seedlings. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that and have high homology with and , and share the characteristic features of nuclear localisation and transcriptional self-activation.

Mining for QTL controlling maize low-phosphorus response genes combined with deep resequencing of RIL parental genomes and in silico GWAS analysis.

Extensive and comprehensive phenotypic data from a maize RIL population under both low- and normal-Pi treatments were used to conduct QTL mapping. Additionally, we integrated parental resequencing data from the RIL population, GWAS results, and transcriptome data to identify candidate genes associated with low-Pi stress in maize. Phosphorus (Pi) is one of the essential nutrients that greatly affect the maize yield.

SPX family response to low phosphorus stress and the involvement of in phosphorus homeostasis in maize.

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth and development, and low-Pi stress poses a significant limitation to maize production. While the role of the SPX domain in encoding proteins involved in phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and signaling transduction has been extensively studied in other model plants, the molecular and functional characteristics of the gene family members in maize remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified six members, and the phylogenetic analysis of s revealed a close relationship with genes in rice.

Genome-wide association studies dissect low-phosphorus stress response genes underling field and seedling traits in maize.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth, and its deficiency can cause decreased crop yield. This study systematically evaluated the low-phosphate (Pi) response traits in a large population at maturity and seedling stages, and explored candidate genes and their interrelationships with specific traits. The results revealed a greater sensitivity of seedling maize to low-Pi stress compared to that at maturity stage.

Exploring the phosphorus-starch content balance mechanisms in maize grains using GWAS population and transcriptome data.

Examining the connection between P and starch-related signals can help elucidate the balance between nutrients and yield. This study utilized 307 diverse maize inbred lines to conduct multi-year and multi-plot trials, aiming to explore the relationship among P content, starch content, and 100-kernel weight (HKW) of mature grains. A significant negative correlation was found between P content and both starch content and HKW, while starch content showed a positive correlation with HKW.

Functional analysis of reveals its role in responses to low-phosphorus stress and regulation of grain yield in maize.

A previous metabolomic and genome-wide association analysis of maize screened a glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase () gene, which responds to low-phosphorus (LP) stress and regulates yield in maize's recombinant inbred lines (RILs). However, the relationship of with phosphorus and yield remained elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying response mechanism of the gene to LP stress and its consequential impact on maize yield.

Chromatin remodeling analysis reveals the RdDM pathway responds to low-phosphorus stress in maize.

Chromatin in eukaryotes folds into a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure that is essential for controlling gene expression and cellular function and is dynamically regulated in biological processes. Studies on plant phosphorus signaling have concentrated on single genes and gene interactions. It is critical to expand the existing signaling pathway in terms of its 3D structure.

Modelling and Analysis of Expansion Joints' Effect on Dynamic Performance of Railway Rigid Overhead System.

This study focuses on developing a comprehensive model of a rigid overhead system, which includes essential components such as the suspension structure, positioning clamp, and expansion joint. The modelling approach utilizes finite element theory and beam elements to accurately represent the displacement, stiffness, and mass characteristics of the system. The models also incorporate the suspension structure and positioning line clamp, which play crucial roles in suspending and positioning the busbar.

Comprehensive analysis of transcriptional data on seed germination of two maize inbred lines under low-temperature conditions.

Seed germination directly affect maize yield and grain quality. Low-temperature reduces maize yield by affecting seed germination and seedling growth. However, the molecular mechanism of maize seed germination under low-temperature remains unclear.

GWAS across multiple environments and WGCNA suggest the involvement of ZmARF23 in embryonic callus induction from immature maize embryos.

Combined GWAS, WGCNA, and gene-based association studies identified the co-expression network and hub genes for maize EC induction. ZmARF23 bound to ZmSAUR15 promoter and regulated its expression, affecting EC induction. Embryonic callus (EC) induction in immature maize embryos shows high genotype dependence, which limits the application of genetic transformation in transgenic breeding and gene function elucidation in maize.

Combined linkage mapping and association analysis uncovers candidate genes for 25 leaf-related traits across three environments in maize.

Combined linkage and association analysis revealed five co-localized genetic loci across multiple environments. The key gene Zm00001d026491 was further verified to influence leaf length by candidate gene association analysis. Leaf morphology and number determine the canopy structure and thus affect crop yield.

Association studies of genes in a Pb response-associated network in maize (Zea mays L.) reveal that ZmPIP2;5 is involved in Pb tolerance.

Lead (Pb) in the soil affects the growth and development of plants and causes damages to the human body through the food chain. Here, we identified and cloned a Pb-tolerance gene ZmPIP2;5 based on a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and gene-based association studies. We showed that ZmPIP2;5 encodes a plasma membrane aquaporin and positively regulated Pb tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis and yeast.

Defect Severity Identification for a Catenary System Based on Deep Semantic Learning.

A variety of Chinese textual operational text data has been recorded during the operation and maintenance of the high-speed railway catenary system. Such defect text records can facilitate defect detection and defect severity analysis if mined efficiently and accurately. Therefore, in this context, this paper focuses on a specific problem in defect text mining, which is to efficiently extract defect-relevant information from catenary defect text records and automatically identify catenary defect severity.

An Integration of Linkage Mapping and GWAS Reveals the Key Genes for Ear Shank Length in Maize.

Ear shank length (ESL) has significant effects on grain yield and kernel dehydration rate in maize. Herein, linkage mapping and genome-wide association study were combined to reveal the genetic architecture of maize ESL. Sixteen quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in the segregation population, among which five were repeatedly detected across multiple environments.

Mining synergistic genes for nutrient utilization and disease resistance in maize based on co-expression network and consensus QTLs.

Nutrient restrictions and large-scale emergence of diseases are threatening the maize production. Recent findings demonstrated that there is a certain synergistic interaction between nutrition and diseases pathways in model plants, however there are few studies on the synergistic genes of nutrients and diseases in maize. Thus, the transcriptome data of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients and diseases treatments in maize, rice, wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana were collected in this study, and four and 22 weighted co-expression modules were obtained by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) in leaf and root tissues, respectively.

Association mapping uncovers maize regulating root system architecture and lead absorption under lead stress.

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic contaminant to living organisms and the environment. Excessive Pb in soils affects crop yield and quality, thus threatening human health the food chain. Herein, we investigated Pb tolerance among a maize association panel using root bushiness (BSH) under Pb treatment as an indicator.

Identification of a new mutant allele of that regulates kernel development and nutritional quality in maize.

Unlabelled: The discovery and characterization of the opaque endosperm gene provide ideas and resources for the production and application of maize. We found an mutant whose phenotype was opaque and shrunken endosperm with semi-dwarf plant height. The protein, lipid, and starch contents in the endosperm were significantly decreased, while the free amino acid content in the endosperm significantly increased.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Responding Maize Gray Leaf Spot Caused by .

Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogen (), is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases in maize ( L.), and severely reduces maize production in Southwest China. However, the mechanism of resistance to GLS is not clear and few resistant alleles have been identified.

Genetic variations in ZmSAUR15 contribute to the formation of immature embryo-derived embryonic calluses in maize.

The ability of immature maize (Zea mays) embryos to form embryonic calluses (ECs) is highly genotype dependent, which limits transgenic breeding development in maize. Here, we report the association map-based cloning of ZmSAUR15 using an association panel (AP) consisting of 309 inbred lines with diverse formation abilities for ECs. We demonstrated that ZmSAUR15, which encodes a small auxin-upregulated RNA, acts as a negative effector in maize EC induction.

Genome-wide analysis of deletions in maize population reveals abundant genetic diversity and functional impact.

Two read depth methods were jointly used in next-generation sequencing data to identify deletions in maize population. GWAS by deletions were analyzed for gene expression pattern and classical traits, respectively. Many studies have confirmed that structural variation (SV) is pervasive throughout the maize genome.

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Maize ( L.) Reveals A Complementary Profile in Response to Phosphate Deficiency.

A deficiency in the macronutrient phosphate (Pi) brings about various changes in plants at the morphological, physiological and molecular levels. However, the molecular mechanism for regulating Pi homeostasis in response to low-Pi remains poorly understood, particularly in maize ( L.), which is a staple crop and requires massive amounts of Pi.

ZmXTH, a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene of maize, conferred aluminum tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the primary factors limiting crop production in acid soils worldwide. The cell wall is the major target of Al toxicity owing to the presence of many Al binding sites. Previous studies have found that XTH, encoding xyloglucan endohydrolase (XEH) and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET), could participate in cell wall extension and affect the binding ability of the cell wall to Al by impeding the activities of these two enzymes.

ZmMATE6 from maize encodes a citrate transporter that enhances aluminum tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

The yields of cereal crops grown on acidic soils are often reduced by aluminum (Al) toxicity because the prevalence of toxic Al cations increases as pH falls below 5.0. The Al-dependent release of citrate from resistant lines of maize is controlled by ZmMATE1 which encodes a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter protein.